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AP World History: The Northern Renaissance. Period 3. Europe 1500 CE. I Northern Europe during the Renaissance. At the time of the renaissance (15 – 16 th centuries), northern Europe was largely controlled by the Hapsburg family.
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AP World History: The Northern Renaissance Period 3 Europe 1500 CE
I Northern Europe during the Renaissance • At the time of the renaissance (15 – 16th centuries), northern Europe was largely controlled by the Hapsburg family. B) The Hapsburg rulers in northern Europe sponsored many Italian artists, helping to spread the renaissance north. C) Don’t forget the Gutenberg printing press! The Hapsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire for almost 4 centuries! They kept their power by selective marriage (often within the family). Maria Theresa, a famous Hapsburg ruler and mother of Marie Antoinette.
II Northern Renaissance Art • With sponsorship from the Hapsburg family, many Italian artists moved to northern Europe. • In Flanders (modern day northern Belgium), renaissance artists developed a new style, known as the Flemish School. The Flemish School was known for its realistic oil paintings.
Northern Renaissance Art Continued… C) Flemish School Artists 1. Jan van Eyck (1390 – 1441) His most famous painting was The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami, 1434. Jan van Eyck
Details from The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami, 1434 Arnolfini was a wealthy merchant who lived in Bruges. Look for signs of wealth in this painting. One of the figures in the mirror may be the painter himself. The Latin sign says “Jan van Eyck was here 1434”.
Northern Renaissance Art Continued… 2. Hieronymus Bosch (1415 – 1570) The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1504 Painted on a triptych (3 part altar-piece), depicting the Garden of Eden, the fall of man, and finally, hell (a result of the fall of man).
Northern Renaissance Art Continued… 3. Johannes Vermeer (1632 – 1675) Girl with the Pearl Earring, 1665
Vermeer Continued… The Astronomer, 1668
II Northern Renaissance Writers • Desiderius Erasmus (1466 – 1536) Erasmus was a Dutch humanist and priest. He called for the Bible to be translated into the vernacular. He scorned those who “don’t want the holy scriptures read in translation by the unlearned… as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people’s ignorance of it…” “He who allows oppression shares the crime.” “Nowadays the rage for possession has got to such a pitch that there is nothing in the realm of nature, whether sacred or profane, out of which profit cannot be squeezed.”
Northern Renaissance Writers Continued… William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) • English playwright who wrote about Renaissance ideals (humanism, importance of classical knowledge) • Wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets and various other poems, dealing with humanist and timeless ideas • 1599 Shakespeare & his acting company built the Globe Theatre on the banks of the Thames river - 3 stories, open-air, sat 3000 people *The audience surrounded the stage on 3 sides Poet Ben Jonson, a contemporary of Shakespeare said that Shakespeare “… was not of an age, but for all time.”
Hamlet “To be or not to be, that is the question”. What is the humanist idea behind this quote?
Romeo & Juliet • Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
III Northern Renaissance Architecture Antwerp Town Hall, Belgium
Focus Questions • How did the Renaissance spread to northern Europe? • How did Northern Renaissance artreflect renaissance and humanist ideals? • How did Erasmus and Shakespeare reflect renaissance and humanist ideals? • How was the northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance?
