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The Chickenpox Virus

The Chickenpox Virus. Sarah Etzel. The Chickenpox Virus. Introduction Epidemiology Background Mode of Transmission Methods of Human Resistance Clinical Symptoms Treatment Methods Conclusion & Questions. Introduction. Derives from: varicella -zoster virus Alphaherpesvirus

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The Chickenpox Virus

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  1. The Chickenpox Virus Sarah Etzel

  2. The Chickenpox Virus • Introduction • Epidemiology • Background • Mode of Transmission • Methods of Human Resistance • Clinical Symptoms • Treatment Methods • Conclusion & Questions

  3. Introduction • Derives from: varicella-zoster virus • Alphaherpesvirus • Herpesviridae Family • Worldwide Epidemic • Easily transmissible

  4. Epidemiology • Derives from varicella-zoster virus • Worldwide Epidemic • Temperate Climates • Countries with high morbidity rates of chickenpox cases: • U.S., England, Wales, Germany • Countries with low morbidity rates of chickenpox cases • Netherlands • Common Time of Outbreak Occurrence • Late Winter and Spring • Three varicella-zoster virus genotypes • Geographical Origination-Based • Ex. Japanese, European, etc.

  5. Background • Herpesviridae Family • Alphaherpesvirus • Herpes Simple Virus Types 1 and 2 • Structure • Homologous Genes • Life-Long Latent Infection • Host’s Gene Expression • Potential effect on the outcome of the infection

  6. Background • Varicella-Zoster Virus • Smallest Herpes Virus • Lacks genes that correspond to certain proteins • Ex. Glycoprotein D • Cytopathic changes occur 2-7 days from initial infection • No effect of the genetic mutations • Locations of Virus Latency • Cranial Nerve Ganglia • Dorsal Root Ganglia • Shingles • Occurs from varicella-zoster reactivation in late adulthood • Autonomic Ganglia

  7. Mode of Transmission • Respiratory Route • Coughing • Breathing • Sneezing • Skin Lesions

  8. Methods of Human Resistance • Humoral Immunity • Mediated by Antibodies • Antibodies bind to, counteract, and lyses the virus-infected cells • Cell-Mediated Immunity • Non-Specific • Produces: • Macrophages • NK Cells • T-Lymphocytes • Lyses varicella-zoster virus-infected cells • Controls virus replication in skin lesions • Cytokines

  9. Clinical Symptoms • Common Symptoms • Rash compromised of itchy, small blisters • Fever • Fatigue • Headache • Flu-like Symptoms • Uncomplicated Cases • Lymphopenia • Decline in lymphocyte production • Granulocytopenia • Decline in WBC blood circulation • Complicated Cases • Secondary Bacterial Infection • Fatal Sepsis • NecrotizingFascitis • Hospitalization • Meningoencephalitis • Cerebellar Ataxia

  10. Treatment Methods • Diagnosis • Test of antibody production type • Culture • Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA Testing • Direst Fluorescent Antibody • Prevention • Vaccination • 1995 • Decrease in chickenpox cases by 95-100% • Effectiveness • Protection not long-lasting • Failure of Initial Vaccination • Contraction of chickenpox later in life • Riskier Complications • Treatment • Non-Aspirin Medication • Antiviral Medication Prescription

  11. Conclusion & Questions • Conclusion • Not life-threatening • Varicella-Zoster Virus is easily detectable • Shingles risk • Questions • What are the 3 antibodies that characterize humoral immunity? • What are the methods of diagnosis? • What are the locations of the latency of the Varicella-Zoster Virus?

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