RASO-WA ROTARY WING PRESENTATION FOR FLIGHT ENGINEERS

1. RASO-WA ROTARY WING PRESENTATION FOR FLIGHT ENGINEERS

2. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF RASO-WA UNOWA UNOUCI UNIOSIL UNMIL

3. Gbarnga Cari Camp#2 Spriggs Payne Airfield Greenville Roberts International Airport

4. DPKO Aviation Safety Structure Aviation Safety Section UNHQ SRSG RASO-WA DMS Other DMS Sections CISS CAS Aviation Section • Accidents are wasteful in human lives, finance, transport resources and property, and are a serious handicap to the political and operational effectiveness of Peacekeeping Operations. • The UN will make every effort and pursue all available means to prevent aviation accidents and incidents during operations, which are conducted by civilian air operators, military forces or Member-States, on its behalf.

5. UNMIL Aviation Fleet Composition • aircraft assigned to UNMIL • MI-8 MTV/AMT: 9 • MI-8 MT: 3 • MI-26 T: 1 • MI-24: 3 • B-737 (fixed wing): 1 • Dash-7 (fixed wing):1 • Beech-200 (fixed wing): 1

6. What is Safety? In aviation the complete elimination of incidents and accidents is unachievable. Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished prevention efforts. So, control of risks and control of errors are acceptable in an inherently safe system. For this fundamental reason, ICAO defines safety as the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management.

7. The goal of Aviation Safety Unit To prevent aircraft accidents and thereby preserve life and property of UN staff as well as others who may have been placed in the Organization`s care. This goal shall be perused through a combination of comprehensive practices for aeronautical operations, and an effective Aviation Accident Prevention Program.

8. The Evolution of Safety Thinking

9. The Basic Philosophy of Ensuring of Aviation Safety The approach to ensuring of aviation safety is based on the philosophy that it is irresponsible and wasteful to wait for an accident to happen, then figuring out how to prevent it from happening again. We manage risk to make our chances of success as great as possible, while making our chances of failure, injury or loss as small as possible. It is a common sense approach to balancing the risks against the benefits to be gained in a situation and then choosing the most effective course of action.

10. Principles of Aviation Operational Risk Management (ORM): • Do not accept unnecessary Risk • Accept risk only when the benefits outweigh worst possible outcome • Make risk decisions at the appropriate level • ORM process is fully integrated at all levels of Planning and Execution

11. Tolerability Matrix

12. In UN operation the most restrictive policy is applied. The restrictions are ongoing from: National Regulations of Operator. ICAO Regulations. UN Regulations. Mission Regulations. Hosting Country Regulations.

13. Reporting System Sound safety management and effective accident prevention is based on a full, accurate and timely reporting system of all occurrences and hazards, followed by a timely investigation of the incident, a dissemination of the recommendations and required actions to all involved. This is a basic requirement that places a great responsibility on the safety of the organization at all levels. Observed Hazard Report In general, people are the most important aspect in the process of identifying, reporting and controlling hazards. The Observed Hazard Report (OHR) is a tool that allows all UN personnel to report hazards to the appropriate areas as soon as they become aware of them, therefore contributing to the general safety level of the Organization

14. Observed Hazard Report Form

15. Example of Subject To be Reported

16. Example of Subject To be Reported

17. Example of Subject To be Reported

18. Example of Subject To be Reported

19. Example of Subject To be Reported Unruly Passengers Are the Passengers Behaving in The Following Manner: • Physical assault, verbal abuse or sexual harassment. • Behaving recklessly or negligently in a manner likely to endanger aircraft or an occupant. • Smoking in any compartment where smoking is prohibited. • Disobeying lawful commands from the commander of the aircraft. • Behaviour which is violent, argumentative, threatening, intimidating or disorderly, including harassment. All unruly passengers shall be denied boarding any UNMIL aircraft and shall be reported immediately to Aviation Safety Unit.

20. RASO-WA AVIATION SAFETY is Everyone's RESPONSIBILITY. Please always remember that in any cases of aircraft occurrence or when you observe any aviation hazard do not hesitate to contact us. Chief RASO –WA – Eduardo Mautone Ext: 7347 Cell phone: 05-31-9282 Lotus Notes address: mautone@un.org Aviation Safety Officer – Julius A. Ocaka Ext: 7395 Cell phone: 05-31-9525 Lotus Notes address: ocaka@un.org Aviation Safety Assistant: OleksandrKonevskyi Ext: 7396 Cellphone: 05 -31- 9646 Lotus Notes address: konevskyi@un.org

21. Operations - Communications

22. All UNMIL staff should immediately report to • RASO-WA • any observed hazards, unsafe practices and procedures and about any occurrences connected with operation of UNMIL Aviation.

23. HELICOPTER ROTOR DOWNWASH

24. Rotor Wash Effect. Helicopters with running engines in the proximity of ground surface create additional hazard of rotor wash effect which may cause significant damages of ground infrastructure, reduced visibility due to dust washed out by rotors and injures to people.

25. Example of the Worst Possible Consequences. UNO XXX was scheduled to fly Ed Damazin - Kurmuk - Yabus - Kurmuk - Ed Damazin. During the landing maneuver at Kurmuk helipad the conditions of the area were suitable only for landing without use of ground effect. After hovering at an altitude of 20 meters a U - turn was made into a prepared center of airfield site, near fuel tank to refuel the aircraft. Rotor wash has damaged a temporary tent erected at a distance of 30 meters from the helipad; as a result one man was injured on his head. During the landing the crew did not see people around the tent. A member of SAF (national monitor) was standing talking to another UNMO member unaware, under a shelter which was not properly fixed to the ground which made it fly all over by the strong wind caused by the helicopter while landing and one of stands of shelter hit his head. The man felt down unconscious immediately. He was taken to clinic (level 1 hospital) where after 15 minutes the doctor advised to take him to higher level hospital because this injure was found dangerous. A medevac was programmed and the injured person sent to Khartoum. SEE THE CHART NEXT PAGE

27. UNMIL EXPERIENCE

28. 19.04.2007 UN XXX Toe Town, Liberia The flight was a VIP with the SRSG on board. After landing at Toe Town, a UNMIL military staff member came to see the crew and informed them that a house had sustained damage on the roof. The crew stated they never saw the house and they did not evaluate the damage. PIC also stated that due to tall trees in the area of the HLS he established that approaching 330 degrees was the safest one.

30. 11/07/2008 – UN-XXX Mi-8MTV MAMMY YOKO, SIERRA LEONE (Food Resupply). • During the hover, the rotor downwash of UN XXX partly removed the roof of the restaurant / bar and in the process destroying foods, drinks and furniture inside the bar. The total damages could not easily be ascertained.

32. 29/09/2008 – Mi-24 UN-XXX & UN-XXX Ganta, Liberia (Scheduled patrol). • The two gunships were flying in formation conducting a scheduled patrol. They landed at Ganta HLS to drop military personnel without shutting down engines. On take -off, the aircraft flew over a shelter built close to threshold of the airstrip and damaged it. These also caused minor injuries to three persons sitting under the roof.

34. On 06 May 10, UNMIL Human Rights and Protection Section in Nimba County received a complaint from an habitant from Gbalasonnoh who informed that the heavy wind lifted by the UNMIL helicopter damaged his house when it was trying to land. Notwithstanding reports from the pilot and from UNMOs embarked in the helicopter assure that no damage was identified in the houses. Sec B 06 May 10 • Alleged damage to house by UNMIL helicopter.

38. OPERATIONAL RISK EVALUATION

43. UNMIL AVIATION SOP (REVISION 20 JANUARY, 2010) REQUIREMENTS

44. Section III, Chapter 9: Airfield Management, paragraph 9.19.2.3. “SURVEYING A NEW SITE ”, “CONSIDERATION OF SUITABILITY”, part e) “Dimensions and other parameters”: • 4) Touch down and lift-off area (TLOF) shall not be any closer to obstacles Structures and Trees) than diameter of the rotor blades of the landing helicopter • For Mi-26s: 32 meters • For Mi-8s: 21 meters • 5) Touch down and lift-off area ( TLOF) shall not be closer to obstacles (Light construction/fixed buildings and huts) than: • For Mi-26s: 200 meters from TLOF • For Mi-8s: 100 meters from TLOF

45. PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN UNMIL

46. RASO-WA SAFETY RECOMMENDATION: Rotary wing crew members were advised to shoot photos of buildings around landing site after take off from it. The photos should be taken from safe altitude after take off before departure in order to have evidences that no damage was sustained by ground structures from helicopter.

47. CURRENT OPERATION

48. Technical 22/02/2008 UN-XXX Mi-8MTV Harper, Liberia. During helicopter landing approach the exhaust nozzle of the right engine was disconnected and dropped down on the ground. The engine working parameters remained normal and the helicopter landed uneventfully. After landing the exhaust nozzle was found around 300 meters away from the helicopter’s touchdown spot. 11/11/2009 UN-XXX Mi-8MT In Flight from RIA to SPA. On a position flight from RIA to SPA, UN XXX departed RIA, its home base for SPA for normal UNMIL tasking. Airborne time RIA was 09.17 and landing time SPA was 09.27. While in flight the crew noticed the engine noise changed and on landing and doing walk around check discovered that the outer part of the left engine exhaust pipe had detached and fallen off. It was never found.

49. Technical 02/12/2010 UN-XXX Mi-8MT Harper, Liberia. During landing maneuvers at Harper airfield, helicopter, UN-177 lost the outer part of its exhaust pipe of the right engine. The helicopter landed safely without any further problems. The ejected part of the exhaust pipe was found immediately. Eye witnesses who picked and returned the ejected part of the exhaust pipe confirmed that there were no third party damages or injuries. This is the third case of part of the helicopter exhaust pipe being ejected in flight incident in UNMIL. The first incident occurred 22/02/2008 ref: UNMIL/OCC-REP/2/2008 The second incident occurred 11/11/2009 ref: UNMIL/OCC-REP/10/2009

50. Technical 13/01/2010 UN-XXX Mi-8MT Greenville, Liberia. After departure from Greenville (ATD 14:30) and 8 minute into the flight (14:38) pilot in command noticed activation of alarm "Chips in the main gearbox oil system" without changes of other parameters of the main gearbox operations. In accordance with the Mi-8MT Flight Manual the crew aborted the flight and returned to Greenville and landed at 14:55 uneventfully. The next day during attempt of engines run it appeared that main gearbox was stuck.