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Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements and Compounds. Classification of Matter. Is phase a good way to classify matter?. Since water has 3 phases, it would be classified as 3 different things. Must be a better method. Matter.

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Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

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  1. Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements and Compounds Classification of Matter

  2. Is phase a good way to classify matter? • Since water has 3 phases, it would be classified as 3 different things. Must be a better method.

  3. Matter • Can be divided into mixtures and pure substances. A pure substance is made of one kind of material having definite properties. • Guess which is a mixture and which is a pure substance? • Water, salt, sea water, concrete, alphabet soup, air, soup, coffee, oxygen.

  4. Mixture – Matter that consists of 2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Both of these are mixtures

  5. Two Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous – A mixture that does not appear to be the same throughout. The “least-mixed of mixtures”. • Examples: • Homogeneous – A mixture that appears to be the same throughout. A “well-mixed mixture”. • Examples:

  6. Solutions- a type of homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state. • The “best mixed” of all mixtures.

  7. Solutions

  8. Two solutions of food coloring in water • One hot water, one cold water.

  9. Many types of solutions

  10. Solubility • Temperature affects solubility. • Does hot water increase or decrease solubility of sugar? • Does hot water increase or decrease solubility of oxygen?

  11. Need to know! • Alloy – solution of 2 or more metals • Solute – Substance that is dissolved • Solvent – Substance that does the dissolving • Insoluble – Does not dissolve in a particular solvent

  12. Classification of Matter

  13. Pure Substance • Same properties throughout • Made of only one kind of material • All particles are the same

  14. Elements • Simplest type of pure substance • Each element is associated with an atom • Smallest part of an element that has the properties of the element is an atom

  15. Chemical Symbols • Either an upper case letter or • One upper case and one lower case letter • (Exception – un-named elements • E.g., Uuq, Uus)

  16. Compounds • Pure substances made of more than one element • Properties of elements that make up a compound are different from the compound itself

  17. Molecule • Two or more atoms bonded together • Example – water • H2O

  18. Chemical formulassubscripts • CO2 • H2SO4 • H2O2 • C6H12O6

  19. Chemical formulasCoefficients- count the atoms • 3 CO2 • 4 H2SO4 • 2 H2O2 • 5 C6H12O6

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