Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students)

1. Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students) Kenneth Lim Kenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg 29, 30 & 31 Jul 2014

2. Outline • Using the Library • Overview of Search Strategies • Information Sources & Evaluation • Citations & Plagiarism • Bibliographic Software & Introduction to EndNote • Guides, Tools and Tips

3. NUS Libraries Portal (http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg)

4. Loan Entitlement for Undergraduates • 20 items 14 days 3 renewals How do I Borrow a Book? FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=79581 http://www.battenkillbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/stack_of_books21.jpg

5. Literature Search Cycle http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=165681&sid=1733290

6. Types of Database Searches • Keyword / Phrase Searche.g. Using “horseshoe crab” in Web of Science /Google • Field Search e.g. Using Raffles Bulletin of Zoology in the Publication Name field in Zoological Record • Subject Heading / Thesaurus Search e.g. Using neoplasms (instead of cancer) as aMeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in PubMed

7. Boolean Connectors • OR- eitherof the terms may be present. Used for broadening a searche.g. roundworms OR nematodes • AND - both terms must be present. Used for narrowing a search.e.g. parasites AND intestine • NOT - eliminate an unwanted concept or worde.g. parasites NOT flatworms • ( ) –grouping words or phrases and specifying the order in which Boolean operations occur when multiple operations are present • e.g. (A OR B)AND C A OR(B AND C)

8. Exact vs. Wildcard Search • “ ’’- searches the exact phrase enclosed within the quotes e.g. “avian influenza” • * - represent any group of characters or no characters (useful for representing various forms of a term)e.g. biol* - for biology, biological,biologist, biologists • ? - represent any single character (useful for singular/plural forms)e.g. cat?  - for cat, cats • $ - represent one character or no characterse.g. behavio$r , colo$r , vapo$r (useful for finding both British & American spellings) • Note: Wildcards and usage are dependent on the database

9. Types of Information Sources Current Dated

10. Recommended Online Resources 10

11. Guidelines for Evaluation of Resources

12. Production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Source: http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/06/st_processcrab/?pid=5836&viewall=true

13. Alternative: recombinant Factor-C (r-FC) http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-1-400x300.jpg http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-2-400x300.jpg

14. Research Topics Topic 1: Population studies of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Topic 2: Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins Image Source: http://animals.m-y-d-s.com/aquatic/horseshoe_crab/

15. Construction of Search Statement • Step 1: Identify concepts/keywords • Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC)as tests for airborne endotoxins • Step 2: Generate synonyms, alternate terms, abbreviations • airborne: air, aerial, dust, aerosol endotoxin: pyrogen, lippopolysaccharide, LPS • Step 3: Construct search statement (initial search) • (endotoxin*AND(air* OR dust*))AND("limulus amebocyte lysate"OR"recombinant factor c")

16. Plagiarism • What is Plagiarism? • A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and presented as being your own work. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th Ed.) • The act of taking someone’s words or ideas as if they were your own. • Avoiding Plagiarism • CIT Preventing Plagiarism site http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism-prevention/ • Proper citation of information sources • turnitin software • Plagiarism Spectrumhttp://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism_spectrum.php

17. Citations & Bibliography • Two places to cite the references you have used: • within a sentence (in-text citation) • at the end of the document (bibliography/references)

18. Why cite? • To acknowledge the contributor(s) of ideas used in writings • To lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources • To help readers verify your claims • To show research done

19. Introduction to Bibliographic Software & EndNote • A software that: • stores and organises references from many sources • inserts these references into a Word document, and • automatically formats your references according to a predefined citation style Comparison of Reference Management Software

20. EndNote Online Guide http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

21. EndNote Workflow

22. Hands-on Step 1: Create an EndNote Library • All programs > EndNote > EndNote Program • File > New • Filename: Test (*.enl) • Save

23. Step 2: Add References to the Library Import PDF Direct Export Import Text File Online Search Manual Inputting EndNote Library Cite While You Write MS Word

24. Method 1: Direct Export • Export references directly from database • At the database, select the records you want • Save, output, export or send to EndNote (Look for “RIS format”) • Click Open to transfer records to your EndNote library

25. Method 2: Import .txt File • Used when references cannot be exported to EndNote. • Very few databases e.g. Factiva • At the database, select the records you want • Export text (.txt) file and save on desktop • In EndNote, go to File > Import • Browse and select the .txt file • Select Import option > Other filters Which filter to use? http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=96551&sid=3508846

26. NATL Method 3: Online Search • Search free databases (e.g. PubMed) and library catalogues (e.g. LINC, Library of Congress) • Go to Online Search Mode > More • Select a free database or catalogue, e.g. NATL U of Singapore • In the online search pane, search by exact title of book or conference proceeding • Copy the reference to Local Library Mode

27. Method 4: Import PDF Files • Extracts references from PDF files • PDF must contain a Digital Object Identifer (DOI) and is not a scanned document. • In EndNote, go to File > Import • Choose either file or folder, and change Import Option > PDF • Note: If the author, title, journal, etc, fields are not auto-populated, the PDF could be of the wrong format or have an incorrect DOI • New in X7 - PDF auto-import folderWhats new in EndNote X7 (Video)

28. Method 5: Manual Inputting Video:http://youtu.be/30u5_b9d5D4

29. Step 3: Duplicate References • To set criteria: • Edit > Preferences > Duplicates • To find duplicates: • References > Find Duplicates

30. Managing References: Custom vs. Smart Groups • Custom Groups • Create folders to group (categorise) references • Smart Groups • Automatically group references based on your search criteria, e.g.: author/year/title contains/is/word begins with… • Note: Any references added to EndNote will be automatically filed in the group, with immediate effect

31. Step 4: Cite While You Write (CWYW) • Use MS Word to insert citations into your paper • Create a paper with properly formatted references, bibliography, figures & tables • Tip: Do NOT edit the citations and bibliographies in Word. Edit the reference in the EndNote Library only • Tip: To locate citation and bibliography fields, change the MS Word’s Field Shading option

32. EndNote Tab & Field Shading • If EndNote is properly installed, you will see the EndNote tab in Word • After you add references, Field shading shows up as text highlighted in grey.

33. Inserting Citations Method 1: Find Citation a. EndNote X7 tab: Insert citation > Find Citation b. Search for a word in any field (e.g. title, author) c. Select the references that you want to insert into your paper Method 2: Insert Selected Citation(s) In EndNote library, select a citation Go to Word and place cursor at insertion point Click on Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s)

34. Editing Citations & References • Edit & Manage Citation(s) • E.g. add page numbers, exclude author, exclude year • Edit Library Reference(s) • Place cursor in the citation, click on Edit library references and make the necessary changes. Next, click on Update citations and bibliography

35. Step 5: Change Style & Create a Bib Section • To change the citation style • EndNote X7 tab: • Click on Style > Select Another Style… • To create bibliography section* • Bottom right corner of Bibliography group > Layout > Bibliography title • Type References (or Bibliography) • *The bibliography section appears only when you insert a citation • *New in X7 - Create sections within Bibliography

36. Backing Up Library (1) • Method 1: Save a Copy • Creates an exact copy of the library  xxx Copy.Data and xxx Copy.enl • File > Save a Copy…

37. Online Database Guides & Resources • Biological & Life Sciences Subject Guidehttp://libguides.nus.edu.sg/biology • PubMed Resourceshttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/ • Web of Science (includes BIOSIS Previews & Zoological Record)http://wokinfo.com/training_support/training/ • Scopus Resourceshttp://help.scopus.com/Content/h_tutorials.htm

38. Library Proxy Stem/Bookmarklet • NUS Libraries Proxy Stemhttp://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url= • e.g. Prefix a URL with the NUS Libraries Proxy Stem • http://www.springerlink.com/content/e440n0431724460v/ • http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/e440n0431724460v/ • Installing the NUS Libraries Proxy Bookmarklet:FAQ:http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=199108&sid=1665223

39. Accessing Full-Text via Google Scholar • Setting up NUS Libraries access in Google Scholar : FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260648 • Alternate direct link:http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&inst=13660462560571941651

40. Accessing Full-Text via PubMed • Setting up NUS Libraries access in PubMed: • FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260692#.US2nFFeQg8k • Direct link:http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft

41. Thank You!  • Please fill in the feedback form at: • http://bit.ly/bsf31Jul14 • Contact me at: • Kenneth Lim kenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg • Science Library sclib@nus.edu.sg

42. NUS Libraries Games & Lucky Draws 28 Aug 2014 10am - 5pm Book Sale Proceeds go to NUS Annual Giving Bursary 28 - 29 Aug 2014 http://j.mp/erdd2014 Knowledge Without Boundaries!