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Period 5

Period 5. Key concept 5.3 – Nationalism, Evolution, and Reform. Enlightenment = rebellion & revolution. Thinkers applied new theories about the natural world to human relationships. Thinkers encouraged observation Names to know John Locke Voltaire Rousseau Montesquieu.

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Period 5

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  1. Period 5 Key concept 5.3 – Nationalism, Evolution, and Reform

  2. Enlightenment = rebellion & revolution • Thinkers applied new theories about the natural world to human relationships. • Thinkers encouraged observation • Names to know • John Locke • Voltaire • Rousseau • Montesquieu

  3. Enlightenment = Rebellion & Revolution Con. • Intellectuals critiqued the role of religion • Reason > revelation (religion) • New political ideas about the Individual, natural rights, and social contract. • “Life, Liberty, and pursuit of Property”

  4. Revolutionary documents • American Declaration of Independence • French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter • Ideas = challenge of social relationships = expanded suffrage, abolition of slavery and the end of serfdom.

  5. The Rise of National Communities • Based on Language, religion, social customs and territory. • Governments used this idea to unite diverse populations.

  6. Rebellions • Challenged the centralized imperial governments • Marathas to the Mughal Sultans • American Revolutions • French Revolution • Haitian Revolution • Latin American independence movements • Slave resistance challenged existing authorities in the Americas – Maroon societies

  7. Anticolonial movements • Growing nationalism and questioning political authority = anticolonial movements • Indian Revolt of 1857 • The Boxer Rebellion

  8. Rebellions started for religious ideas/millenarianism • Millenarianism - belief in a coming ideal society and especially one created by revolutionary action, also end of the world. • Taiping Rebellion • The Ghost Dance • Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement

  9. Rebellion = Reforms • The Tanzimat movement • The Self-Strengthening Movement

  10. “New” political ideologies • Liberalism • Socialism • Communism

  11. Challenging political and gender hierarchies • Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism • Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women • Olympe de Gouges’s “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen” • The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

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