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The United States in World War II 1941-1945

The United States in World War II 1941-1945. PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway Created February 1, 2004 Revised February 7, 2007 Revision #2 January 15, 2013. Bellringer. Who was Kilroy?

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The United States in World War II 1941-1945

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  1. The United States inWorld War II1941-1945 PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway Created February 1, 2004 Revised February 7, 2007 Revision #2 January 15, 2013

  2. Bellringer • Who was Kilroy? • Legend starts with James J. Kilroy, a shipyard inspector during WWII. He chalked the words on bulkheads to show that he had been there and inspected the riveting in the newly constructed ship. To the troops in those ships, however, it was a complete mystery — all they knew for sure was that he had "been there first." • As a joke, they began placing the graffiti wherever they (the US forces) landed or went, claiming it was already there when they arrived. Kilroy became the US super-GI who always got there first — wherever GI's went. http://www.kilroywashere.org/001-Pages/01-0KilroyLegends.html

  3. Cornell Notes: Three Questions • Today, I will learn . . . • The War in the Pacific Theater; Island Hopping. • I will learn it by . . . • Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy; listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize notes. • I have learned it when I can . . . • Create a database of World War II battles.

  4. Essential Question • What strategies did the Allies / Americans use to win the war in the Pacific?

  5. The United States in World War IITHE PACIFIC THEATER

  6. FYI The Pacific Theater Defeating Germany first had NOT meant abandoning the Pacific to Japan. While armies were being trained and materials accumulated for the European struggle, Americans kept an “active defense” against further Japanese expansion. The main goal of the “active defense” was to hold Hawaii and Samoa and keep vital shipping lines open from the U.S. to Australia.

  7. Stemming the Japanese Tide • Halting Japanese Advances “Doolittle Raid” bombing of Tokyo, April 1942 http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/misc-42/dooltl.htm

  8. Stemming the Japanese Tide http://64.70.201.125/wings/part2/01_doolittle.html

  9. Stemming the Japanese Tide • Halting Japanese Advances • Battle of Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942), • Battle of Midway (4-7 May 1942) • Admiral Yamamoto force showdown at Midway Island • Battle marked turning point in Pacific war. • Americans sent 4 large Japanese aircraft carriers to the bottom of the ocean. • Guadalcanal (Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)

  10. Allies on the Offensive • Two Roads to Tokyo • Adm. Nimitz led Marines from Micronesia to Okinawa (June 1945) • Gen. MacArthur led army back to the Philippines from New Guinea (Feb. 1945)

  11. Allies on the Offensive • Battle Strategies • Leapfrogging (or Island Hopping); taking every third island as a base

  12. James F. Lowell • James Lowell, grandfather of La Vega High teacher Mr. Dennis Hataway. • Served in World War II from October 1941 until January 3, 1946 James F. Lowell Died July 20, 2008 James F. Lowell (1941)

  13. James F. Lowell • East Coast 7th AAA Automatic Weapons Battalion • Broke nose when 50 caliber machine gun misfired. • Transported equipment from depots on the east coast to west coast. Company Lowell served in when he first enlisted. 77th out of New York

  14. James F. Lowell • From 1943 thru 1945, served under command of General MacArthur • Participated in the Island Hopping Campaign. • Fought on the Island of Guam, Philippines, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. James F. Lowell (1942) Grandfather of Mr. Hataway

  15. Allies on the Offensive • Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45) • Battle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 23-26, 1944) • near the Philippines • largest naval battle in history • first time the Japanese used kamikaze attacks. • General MacArthur retakes the Philippines: “I have returned”

  16. Allies on the Offensive • Japanese perimeter collapses (1943-45) • Battles of Iwo Jima(Feb. – Mar. 1945) and Okinawa (Apr. – Jun. 1945) won air bases close to Japan; costing 6,800 and 12,000 American soldiers lives respectively. • Tokyo fire bombed; 80,000 civilians killed.

  17. Bellringer/Quickwrite 1/18/13 • Should nuclear weapons ever be used? Why or why not?

  18. Cornell Notes: Three Questions • Today, I will learn . . . • Decision to drop the atomic bomb. • I will learn it by . . . • Take notes using Cornell Notes Strategy; listening skills, write questions in side margins, summarize notes. • I have learned it when I can . . . • Write a story about survival after an atomic bomb drops.

  19. Essential Question • Why did President Truman decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan instead of a full scale invasion?

  20. The New Weapon • Manhattan Project • Los Alamos, NM • Military: Gen. Leslie R. Groves. • Scientists: Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and Robert Oppenheimer General Leslie R. Groves (left)and Dr. J. Robert Oppenhiemer

  21. The New Weapon • Manhattan Project • Bomb tested July 16, 1945 • White Sands, New Mexico • Robert Oppenheimer, though delighted about the success, quoted the Bhagavad Gita. "I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” • Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer, "Now we're all sons of bitches."

  22. Decision to Drop The Bomb • President Franklin D. Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 beginning of 4th term This is a picture of Franklin D. Roosevelt taken on April 11, 1945 — one day before he died.

  23. Decision to Drop The Bomb • Harry S. Truman, new V.P., now Pres. • Advisers warn that an invasion of Japan will cost millions of American lives. • After the development of the atomic bomb, issued Japan an ultimatum to surrender unconditionally. President Harry S. Truman, April 1945. Photo by Chase-Statler. Public domain.

  24. Decision to Drop The Bomb • Potsdam Conference • Jul 28 -Aug 1, 1945) • Truman hints to Stalin we have a new, devastating weapon

  25. Dropping the Atomic Bomb • On 6 August 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 Superfortress, dropped the atomic bomb, code-named "Little Boy", targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan.

  26. Dropping the Atomic Bomb Hiroshima, Japan

  27. Dropping the Atomic Bomb • Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) • Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945) • Soviet Union declares war on Japan same day

  28. Japan Surrenders • V-J Day (August 14, 1945) • American occupation under General Douglas MacArthur • End divinity of the emperor

  29. Chart 5-5

  30. Chart 5-6

  31. Creation of the United Nations • A series of meetings between the “Big Three,” Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt where they agreed to the formation of the “United Nations” as one of the first crucial post-war actions.

  32. Creation of the United Nations • The United Nations was convened in San Francisco in June. Fifty-one countries signed the UN Charter as founding members on 26 June, 1945. • Headquarters located in New York City. Official Languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

  33. End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation. End of Custom Shows

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