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MEE 452: Design Economy, Optimization, Reliability and Safety

[Based on: L.C. Burmeister, Elements of Thermal-Fluid System Design , Prentice Hall, 1998] Engineering Economy: Time value of money Inflation Cost estimation Taxes and depreciation Annualized cost. MEE 452: Design Economy, Optimization, Reliability and Safety. F=P(1+I) N.

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MEE 452: Design Economy, Optimization, Reliability and Safety

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  1. [Based on: L.C. Burmeister, Elements of Thermal-Fluid System Design, Prentice Hall, 1998] Engineering Economy: Time value of money Inflation Cost estimation Taxes and depreciation Annualized cost MEE 452: Design Economy, Optimization, Reliability and Safety F=P(1+I)N

  2. Basics: (Minimums and Maximums):Lagrange multipliers, Concave & Convex programming First-order gradient methods ():Steepest descent, Conjugate gradients Second-order Newton’s procedure (): Quadratic interpolation min System Design Optimization

  3. Direction of steepest descent

  4. Linear programming Global Optimization Algorithms Fuzzy system optimization (): Neural networks for optimization Sensitivity coefficients System Design Optimization (2)

  5. Probability basics Components in combinations Maintenance Common-mode and other failures Reliability allocations Reliability with standby Design Reliability

  6. 99% Surviving fraction of fluorescent lamps 100 50 % Survival 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Average lamp life [1000 hr]

  7. Reliability with capacity and load distribution Event and fault trees Least cost by parallel operation General reliability-enhancing measures Design Reliability (2)

  8. capital total optimum repair General effect of reliabilityupon system cost Costs Reliability

  9. Product liability history Insurance premium and other costs Effect on innovation Codes and Standards Primary standards (SI,SI-Units Secondary/national standards: NIST,ANSI Product Liability and Safety http://www.uspto.gov/

  10. Hazard elimination Safety guards and enclosures Safety warnings and instructions Protective clothing Administrative controls Human safety factors Maintenance safety Design for Safety

  11. Compliance:The minimum set of requirements by which an environment conforms to the local, state, and federal rules, regulations, and standards. A workplace may be cited by OSHA for imminent danger, serious violation, etc. Hazard:A set of a system's potential and inherent characteristics, conditions, or activities which can produce adverse or harmful consequences, including injury, illness, or property damage (antonym to safety). Hazard analysis techniques:A number of analytical methods by which the nature and causes of hazards in a product or a system are identified. Mechanical injuries:A type of physical injury caused by excessive forces applied to human body components, such as cutting, crushing, and straining (ergonomic hazards). Risk control:The process by which the probability, severity and exposure to hazards (per mission and unit of time) are considered to reduce the potential loss of lives and property. Toxic substances:Those substances that may, under specific circumstances, cause injury to persons or damage to property because of reactivity, instability, spontaneous decomposition, flammability, or volatility. Safety Terms

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