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Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

Mechanical and Chemical Digestion. Grade 8 Semester 1 Year 2011-2012. How Important is Your Teeth?. What happen inside our mouth?. Mechanical digestion Food is cut up by the teeth and the pieces are mixed with the saliva by the tongue producing bolus.

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Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

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  1. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Grade 8 Semester 1 Year 2011-2012

  2. How Important is Your Teeth?

  3. What happen inside our mouth? • Mechanical digestion • Food is cut up by the teeth and the pieces are mixed with the saliva by the tongue producing bolus. • This cutting and mixing is called mastication (chewing)

  4. Types of Tooth • Adults humans typically have 32 teeth • Humans have 4 types of teeth: Incisors-cutting and biting Canine-holding and cutting Premolars-chewing and crushing Molars-chewing and crushing

  5. Tooth Structure Enamel: hardest tissue made of calcium salts. Dentine: forms the major part of the tooth. Contains a series of fine canals which extend to the pulp cavity. Pulp cavity: Contains tooth producing cells, blood vessels, nerve endings. Gum: Covers the junction between enamel and cement. Cement: helps anchor the tooth to the jaw. Periodontal membrane: Anchors the cement to jawbone. The tooth is held firmly but not rigidly.

  6. Dental Health • Eating food with a low sugar content. • Regular and effective brushing of teeth (at least twice a day). • Finishing a meal with a crisp vegetable or fruit followed by rinsing with water.

  7. Chemical Digestion

  8. Chemical Digestion Digestive Enzymes • Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. • Protein digestion begins in the stomach. • Digestion of food molecules is completed in the small intestine.

  9. Absorption • Absorption is a process where digested food molecules are transported across the lining of the gut into the blood. • Most absorption happens from the ileum. • The surface of the ileum is highly folded into villi.

  10. Microvilli(brush border) Vein carrying blood to hepatic portal vessel Bloodcapillaries Muscle layers Epithelialcells Epithelial cells Largecircularfolds Lacteal Villi Vein Key Villi Nutrientabsorption Intestinal wall STRUCTURE OF SMALL INTESTINE

  11. The liver and assimilation • Digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream. • The liver sorts out digested food molecules and make sure that the other tissues of the body receive what they need. • The process of moving food molecules into the cells where they are used is called assimilation.

  12. Liver Stomach Bile Gall-bladder Acid chyme Intestinaljuice Pancreas Pancreatic juice Duodenum of small intestine Functions of Liver • Manufacture of bile • Storage of glucose as glycogen • Interconversion of amino acids • Excretion of excess amino acids and excreted in the urine as urea • Breakdown of alcohol and other toxins • Removal of old red blood cells from the circulation and storage of the iron they contained

  13. Bread is made mainly of starch, protein and fat. Describe what happens to the bread mechanically and chemically as it passes through the mouth, stomach and small intestine.

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