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The Cold War: A Bipolar World?

The Cold War: A Bipolar World?. The “3 rd World”. The Bandung Conference 1955. Egypt. 1936 “Independence” 1952 Revolution 1956 Gamal Abd al-Nasir “elected” British withdraw Troops. Suez Crisis. Aswan Dam. Pan-Arabism. Arab League est. 1945 United Arab Republic 1958-1961

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The Cold War: A Bipolar World?

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  1. The Cold War: A Bipolar World?

  2. The “3rd World” The Bandung Conference 1955

  3. Egypt • 1936 “Independence” • 1952 Revolution • 1956 Gamal Abd al-Nasir “elected” British withdraw Troops

  4. Suez Crisis Aswan Dam

  5. Pan-Arabism • Arab League est. 1945 • United Arab Republic 1958-1961 • Optimism lost 1967

  6. Arab Socialism

  7. Arab Socialism • Nationalizes banks, insurance companies, 90% of all major business, government controlled media • Foreigners forbidden from owning farm land • Over $1 billion in property confiscated from the richest Egyptians • Move profits of nationalized industries to national projects; Aswan High Dam (with Soviet aid), improvement of the Suez Canal • Expansion of education (for both men and women) and guarantees of employment expensive trademarks of Nasirism

  8. Political Islam“Islam is the Solution!” • Islam (n.) • Muslim (n.) • Muslim (adj.) • Islamic (adj.) • Islamist • Islamic Fundamentalist • Political Islam • Activist Islam • Islamic Revivalism

  9. The Muslim Brotherhood • Est. in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna • Islam as a religion and a set of religious principles and a strong Muslim cultural identity should play a defining role in the politics and culture of Muslims nations. • Recommitment to Islam and Islamic identity key to rejuvenating Muslim societies.

  10. Iran in Historical Perspective • Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941-1979) • Mohammed Mossaddegh (P.M. 1951-1953) • Promoted Social Security • Rent control • Land reforms • Oil Nationalization • 1953 joint MI6/CIA operation • 1979 Iranian Revolution

  11. Islamist Triumph in Iran • Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini • 1964: Exiled • 1977: Mass protests in Iran • Jan. 1979: Pahlavi exiled • Feb. 1979: Khomeini‘s triumphal return • Islamic Republic established

  12. Islamic Republic of Iran • “Democratic” Government • Supreme Leader and the Council of Guardians for office • Islam promoted as solution to the poverty and inequality of Iran • U.S. vilified

  13. Iran and Iraq War (1980-1988) • 1980 Saddam Hussain invades Iran • EstimatedCasualties: • 262,000 Iranians • 105,000 Iraqis • 367,000 Total

  14. The Soviets in Afghanistan • 1978 Saur Revolution • Khalq party • Parcham party • 1979 Soviets enter Afghanistan • Mujahidin wage guerilla warfare • 1989 Soviets withdraw

  15. Afghanistan after the Soviets • 1989-1992: Civil War continues • 1991: end of Cold War • 1992-1996: New Civil War • 1996: Taliban take control of Kabul

  16. The non-Aligned World After the Cold War • Now we can all get along, right? 

  17. Sukarno and Sadat Documents • Sukarno: Indonesian President Speaking at the Bandung Conference in 1955 • Sadat: Egyptian President (after Nasir) speaking at a later Asian-African Conference in 1957 • What are the fears and concerns of each speaker? How does this reflect the common interests of non-aligned countries? • What are the collective hopes of non-aligned countries according to Sukarno and Sadat? • What challenges arose that made the realization of these goals difficult?

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