SCIENCE PROJECT

1. SCIENCE PROJECT Group 2 from class 6Azim Members: AzamDanial, ShazwanHazmi, Syahmi, Yugenthiran Topic: 4:Basic Needs 5:Energy 6:Machines

2. BASIC NEEDS OF ANIMALS 1 Like humans, animals also have basic needs.2. The basic needs of animals are air, food, and shelter.3. Animals need air to breathe. Different     animals breathe in different ways.4. Animals drink water to:    a) stay healthy    b) contorl body temperature and    c) remove wastes from their body5. Animals need to eat to stay alive. 6. Animals need food to grow and to gain     energy.7. Animals also need shelter to protect     themselves from  danger and bad       weather like hot, cold, rain and storms.8. There are various types of shelters for     animals. 

3. Basic NEEDS OF HUMAN • The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty. It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being, usually in terms of consumption goods. The poverty line is then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs. The 'basic needs' approach was introduced by the ILO in 1976 at its World Employment Conference. • A traditional list of immediate "basic needs" is food (including water), shelter, and clothing.[1] Many modern lists emphasize the minimum level of consumption of 'basic needs' of not just food, water, and shelter, but also sanitation, education, and healthcare. Different agencies use different lists. • Related approaches, taking their cue from the work of AmartyaSen, focus on 'capabilities' rather than consumption. • In the development discourse, the basic needs model focuses on the measurement of what is believed to be an eradicable level ofpoverty. Development programs following the basic needs approach do not invest in economically productive activities that will help asociety carry its own weight in the future, rather it focuses on allowing the society to consume just enough to rise above the poverty line and meet its basic needs. These programs focus more on subsistence than fairness. Nevertheless, in terms of "measurement", the basic needs or absolute approach is important. The 1995 world summit on social development in Copenhagen had, as one of its principal declarations that all nations of the world should develop measures of both absolute and relative poverty and should gear national policies to "eradicate absolute poverty by a target date specified by each country in its national context.

4. BASIC NEEDS OF PLANTS • Plant needs  • Plants are organisms that grow and reproduce their own kind. The need for, air, soil, water, light, and space to grow.Plants need soil. Water and minerals are taken from the soil through roots. Soil also provides support for the plant and an anchor for the roots to grow in. Decaying plants and animals leave behind minerals in the soil that are essential for future plant growth.Plants need sunlight in order to grow properly. They use light energy to change the materials - carbon dioxide and water into food substances (sugars). This process of food productions is called photosynthesis. Only in light can a green plant make food.Plants most also have clean air. Green plants take in carbon dioxide from air and use it during photosynthesis to make food. Dirty, smoggy air blocks sunlight that plants must have.Plants need water. Water is essential to all life on earth. No known organism can exist without water. Plants use water to carry moisture and nutrients from the roots to he leaves and food from the leaves back down to the roots.Plants must also have space in order to grow. Plants are found everywhere - deserts, mountains, arctic regions, forests, jungles, oceans, and even in cracks of sidewalks of busy cities. If the space is small, the plants will be small and stunted. Big plants need big spaces for their roots and branches.

5. ENERGY • In2][3] Since work is defined as a force acting through a distance (a length of space), energy is always equivalent to the ability to exert pulls or pushes against the basic forces of nature, along a path of a certain length. • The total energy contained in an object is identified with its mass, and energy cannot be created or destroyed. When matter (ordinary material particles) is changed into energy (such as energy of motion, or into radiation), the mass of the system does not change through the transformation process. However, there may be mechanistic limits as to how much of the matter in an object may be changed into other types of energy and thus into work, on other systems. Energy, like mass, is a scalar physical quantity. In the International System of Units (SI), energy is measured in joules, but in many fields other units, such as kilowatt-hours and kilocalories, are customary. All of these units translate to units of work, which is always defined in terms of forces and the distances that the forces act through. • A system can transfer energy to another system by simply transferring matter to it (since matter is equivalent to energy, in accordance with its mass). However, when energy is transferred by means other than matter-transfer, the transfer produces changes in the second system, as a result of work done on it. This work manifests itself as the effect of force(s) applied through distances within the target system. For example, a system can emit energy to another by transferring (radiating) electromagnetic energy, but this creates forces upon the particles that absorb the radiation.

6. MACHINES • A machine is a poweredtool consisting of one or more parts that is constructed to achieve a particular goal. Machines are usually powered by mechanical, chemical, thermal or electrical means, and are frequentlymotorized. Historically, a powered tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine; however, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of powered tools without moving parts that are considered machines.[1] • The word "machine" is derived from the Latin word machina,[1] which in turn derives from the Doric Greekμαχανά (machana), Ionic Greekμηχανή(mechane) "contrivance, machine, engine"[2] and that from μῆχος (mechos), "means, expedient, remedy".[3] The meaning of machine is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary[4] to an independently functioning structure and by Merriam-Webster Dictionary[5] to something that has been constructed. This includes human design into the meaning of machine. • A simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include vehicles, electronic systems, molecular machines, computers,television and radio.

7. MAchines James Albert Bonsack's cigarette rolling machine, invented in 1880 and patented in 1881.

8. ENERGY In a typical lightning strike, 500 megajoules of electric potential energy are converted into 500 megajoules (total) oflight energy, sound energy, thermal energy, and so on.

9. PLANTS PLANTS NEEDS WATER,SUNLIGHT,AIR AND NUTRITION TO STAY ALIVE.

10. ANIMALS ANIMALS NEEDS FOOD,WATER AIR AND SHELTER TO STAY ALIVE.

11. HUMAN HUMAN NEEDS FOOD,WATER,AIR AND SHELTER TO STAY ALIVE.