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The Middle Ages

Explore the political system of feudalism, the self-sufficient economic system of manorialism, and the growing power of the Church in the Middle Ages. Discover how knights lived by the code of chivalry and the controversies surrounding the Church's involvement in the feudal system.

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The Middle Ages

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  1. The Middle Ages 10.2 Feudalism & Manorialism

  2. Feudalism • Political system—developed in the absence of a strong central government • Violent time—kings and nobles needed help to fight off invaders • Fief (Land = Power) • Primogeniture • The Heir and the Spare

  3. Feudal nations included lands that had belonged to Charlemagne… Throughout most of Europe you have …

  4. Manorialism • Economic System—included a large estate that included the manor house, pastures, fields, and a village • Self-sufficient & Separation • serfs

  5. Chivalry A code of conduct for knights Brave, fight fare, loyal, keep work, gallantry to foes, courteous to women

  6. 10.3 The Church

  7. Secular Clergy • Popes had supremacy in: • Roman Catholic Church • Territories in central Italy—Papal States • Church became involved in feudal system • The Church owned land and leaders had power as lords • Positions could be bought by locallords and were tied to a feudal contract • Bishops and Abbots were usually “2nd Sons” and had no interest in church affairs (simony p. 239) (Lived among the people)

  8. Investiture Controversy • Pope Gregory VII • Convinced he was chosen by God to reform they church • Lay investiture— • (a lay man) a secular king/lord officially granting spiritual authority (usually to a bishop) • Pope Gregory declared only the Church could appoint clergy and he could remove any leaders who refused to comply • Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire—Germany) • w/o this power he felt he could not maintain his power in the face of the German nobles

  9. Increase in Church Power • Concordat of Worms (p.324) • Controversy was settled with a new Pope & a new King!(it took THAT long to reconcile) • Emperor grants only lands and secular powers to church officials • Church officials would elect bishops and grant spiritual authority • Pope Innocent III • Believed the Pope was the supreme judge of European affairs • Interdict (p. 238)—used the practice to control European rulers (esp. last rights)

  10. Regular Clergy (Lived away from the people—according to strict laws) • The High Middle Ages also saw an increase in those joining the order: • Cistercians • Nuns • Franciscans—missionaries • Dominicans—against heresy • Inquisition • Religious court whose job was to find & try heretics • Punish confessed heretics, tortured to confession, handed to state for execution if no confession

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