African American History Since the Civil War

1. African American History Since the Civil War dr. Liz Bryant

2. The emergence of the modern civil rights movement…

3. Double V Campaign

4. Double V Campaign • Democracy at home • Democracy abroad

5. Double V Campaign • African-Americans thought after World War II that they would be treated as full citizens

6. Harry Truman

7. Executive Order 9981

8. Executive Order 9981

9. Executive Order 9981 • Desegregated the armed forces

10. Life for blacks in America…

11. North • Blacks continue to face racism and discrimination

12. South

13. South • Jim Crow laws continue to rule the Southern United States

14. It was time to challenge the notion of “separate but equal…”

15. NAACP

16. NAACP • Founded in 1909 • Had been challenging Jim Crow this entire time

17. NAACP during the 1950s

18. NAACP • Continued to use the court system to fight for equality • Primary focus: Education

19. NAACP • Issue court cases could take years

20. NAACP and the Battle for Equal Education • Missouri Law School • Blacks are not allowed into the school • No separate law school for blacks • Court decides Missouri must pay a black student’s tuition at another school

21. NAACP and the Battle for Equal Education • Texas Law School • Same situation as Missouri • No law school for blacks in TX • Court ruled that a separate school needed to be built for one student

22. NAACP and the Battle for Equal Education • University of Oklahoma Ph.D. in Education • Qualified black student, no Ph.D. program in education • School admits student BUT: • Cannot sit in classroom • Cannot use library • Cannot eat in the cafeteria at the same time as white students

23. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS • Supreme Court rules 9-0 that separate is NOT equal • Plessy v. Ferguson is overturned • Legally ends segregation in schools

24. Brown v Board

25. Brown v Board

26. Brown v Board

27. Brown v Board • Schools must desegregate with “all deliberate speed” • No timetable is set • Takes until the end of the 1960s for schools to fully desegregate

28. Brown v. Board • Impacts the entire United States not just the South

29. White Reaction to the Brown Decision • Some schools are integrated with no problems

30. White Reaction to the Brown Decision • In the South, there is major opposition to this decision

31. White Citizens Councils

32. White Citizens Councils

33. White Citizens Councils

34. White Citizens Councils • Do not want schools to integrate

35. Southern Manifesto

36. Southern Manifesto

37. Southern Manifesto

38. Southern Manifesto • Signed by Southern Senators and Congressmen • Say that the Brown decision needed to be overturned

39. Black Reaction to Brown v. Board • Black parents want to take advantage of allowing their children to go to better schools • Want them to have better resources • Want them to have a better education

40. Black Reaction to Brown v. Board • Consequences are often severe for black parents who have their children integrate white schools

41. Reaction of the Government to the Brown Decision

42. Reaction of the Government to the Brown Decision

43. Reaction of the Government to the Brown Decision • Eisenhower tried to stay away from all controversial issues • Takes no real action after the Brown decision

44. Little Rock 9

45. Little Rock 9

46. Little Rock 9

47. Little Rock 9

48. Little Rock 9

49. Little Rock 9 • 9 African-American students try and integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas

50. Little Rock 9 • Met with a tremendous amount of resistance from whites