Napoleonic Wars And 1812

2. Napoleonic Wars And 1812 • Napoleonic wars are tied directly to War of 1812 • French Revolution led to Napoleon • Napoleon eager to conquer Europe agrees to sell Louisiana territory to the Americans (15 M) • Napoleon starts war with Britain and the Americans see opportunity to capture Canada • Plus, they were just plain annoyed with Britain (again)

3. What are causes of War of 1812? • Free Trade • Britain had placed France under a naval blockade, preventing trade with neutral nations-Embargo Act 1807 • Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries • Very unpopular in Northern port cities • Hurt the U.S. greatly by this development • Using blockade as excuse, Britain captured 400 US vessels.

4. What are the causes of War Of 1812? • Impressment and Kidnapping • U.S. accused Britain of kidnapping citizens • British Navy asserted right to board foreign ships and press any British citizens (deserters or traders) they found into service. • rejoin the British Navy to fight against Napoleon • Big issue was Chesapeake incident where British fired on vessel killing Americans and “mistakenly” taking four so called deserters (2 were pure American)

5. What are the causes of War Of 1812? • Block of the West • Americans determined to take western territory from Aboriginals • Brits were creating an Aboriginal buffer zone between Canada and U.S • Britain would not give up Western forts • Also thought British/ French Canadians assisting Tecumseh (suspicious of alliances) who were fighting to keep lands from Americans

6. What are causes of War of 1812? • War Hawks • Southern congressmen who wanted war with Canada to acquire land

7. Declaration of War • June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war • War started with Invasion of Canada

8. Key Battles • ISSAC BROCK BATTLES! • US Burns York (now Toronto) • US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen • Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie • This gave the US control of Lake Erie • Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard • This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast

9. The Roof is on Fire… • In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C. • They burn the White House and the Capitol • Madison and Congress barely escape

10. Oh Say Can You See… • Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British • The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British • After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814, the British abandon the attack • Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

11. Treaty of Ghent • Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812 • The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. • The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

12. Battle of New Orleans • Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified) • Why was New Orleans important? • Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops • Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name • Ensured treaty ratification

13. Who won the War of 1812 • Gave the United States a National Identity • Able to hold our own against the British • Started US thinking about continuing westward expansion • Ended bad feelings toward the British • U.S. discovered they could attack but not hold Canada