Enhancing Support for Care Leavers: Recommendations to Amend the Children’s Second Amendment Bill 2015

1. Oral presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Social Development Submission to the Children’s Second Amendment Bill [B14-2015] 25th of September, 2015

2. Background • Mamelani Projects is a Cape Town-based NPO working with young people making the transition from Child and Youth Care Centres once they turn 18. • We have been working with this group for over a decade. • We believe that providing transitional support is an essential aspect of the continuum of care that should be provided for children identified as those being in need of care and protection.

3. Experiences of Western Cape Care Leavers Research on the experiences of young people disengaging from care in the Western Cape, in particular, highlighted • Ahigh level of concern for this group • A strong need to close this gap in services • The severity of some of family issues and the high caseload of designated social workers as contributing factors to length of stay • Most young people transitioning out of care at 18 (or at 21) often do not have families who can support them • Without a process to prepare and support them through the transition, do are not equipped and prepared for life beyond care.

4. Current Provision Section 191(3)(e) states that   A child and youth care centre may in addition to its residential care programmes, offer— (e) a programme to assist a person with the transition when leaving a child and youth care centre after reaching the age of 18. • The use of the word ‘may’ limits the service provided • The focus on ‘when leaving’ excludes the preparation aspect of “Transitional Support”

5. Extension of Alternative Care Placements • We fully support the proposed amendments that permit the extension of an alternative care placement to enable a young person to complete his or her education and training. • Young people also need support to manage the transition from the CYCC. Prior to disengaging from alternative care, a young person should be exposed to a programme that develops the skills they will need to cope with adult life. We would like to propose that a young person should be permitted to stay in care until such time as he/she has completed such a programme.

6. Recommendations Section 176 of the principal Act be amended— • ‘(b) the continued stay in that care is necessary to enable that person to complete his or her grade 12, higher education, further education [or] and training or vocational training.’’; as well as learnerships and internships. • (d) by the addition of the following subsection: (4) prior to leaving care a young person should participate in a transitional support programme that prepares and assists him or her with the transition from alternative care. In addition, aftercare services should be provided that continue for at least 6 months after the young person has disengaged from that alternative care.

7. Transition from CYCC • Research done by the Department of Social Development has identified young people in alternative care as being at a higher risk of dropping out of school; being affected by low educational achievement and learning disabilities; being challenged by limited social skills and additional emotional and behavioural difficulties. • After having been cared for within an institutional setting, where all of their basic needs are met, returning to an under-resourced community where they suddenly need to meet their own needs can be an extremely challenging adjustment.

8. Outcomes for Care Leavers • Sadly, after years of stability in the care system, many find themselves facing the same challenges that forced them into alternative care in the first place – substance abuse, poverty, unemployment; lack of access to resources and limited networks of support and on-going family problems. • It is all too common that young people who have been identified as children in need of care by the state, are not adequately supported in their transition to adulthood – and in many cases, then have children who are placed in alternative care because they do not have the means to support them. • In other cases, these young people turn to crime to survive, and enter the criminal justice system.

9. Next steps… • It is the state’s responsibility to ensure that the resources that have been invested into children who have been identified as being in need of care and protection, that these resources are directed towards interventions that ensure that they are equipped and prepared - emotionally and practically - to cope with life beyond care. • Mamelani suggests that minimum standards be introduced for these kinds of interventions that could guide Child and Youth Care Centres regarding what they need to put in place, along with the necessary skills and resources to be made available for these interventions to be successful for the improvement of long-term outcomes for this group.

10. Booklet…

11. Thank you Questions? For more info: carly@mamelani.org.za www.mamelani.org.za