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Warm Up-Write these vocabulary terms on p. 41 of your Inbook

Warm Up-Write these vocabulary terms on p. 41 of your Inbook. Aqueduct-a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places Cuneiform-writing that uses wedge-shaped characters Empire-a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government

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Warm Up-Write these vocabulary terms on p. 41 of your Inbook

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  1. Warm Up-Write these vocabulary terms on p. 41 of your Inbook Aqueduct-a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places Cuneiform-writing that uses wedge-shaped characters Empire-a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government Siege-a military blockage and attack on a city to force it to surrender Ziggurat-an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower

  2. The Four Empires of Mesopotamia

  3. I. Mesopotamia A. Mesopotamia means “the land between the rivers” Also known as the Fertile Crescent or Cradle of Civilization. 1. River valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 2. Settled by the Sumerians independent city-states 3. Constant fighting weaken the Sumerians and the were unable to defend themselves
  4. II. The AkkadianEmpire2300-2100 B.C.E. A. The world’s first empire B. King Sargon, strong king and skilled general 1. Control through political strategies a. Destroyed city walls to keep rebellions down b. Choose governors loyal to him c. 1st king to demand that his rule is passed down to his sons
  5. II. The Akkadian Empire C. Use of Sumerian ideas 1. Irrigation system 2. Record keeping- cuneiform “wedge” writing 3. Worshipped same gods as Sumerians (but changed their names)
  6. II. The Akkadian Empire D. Achievements 1. 3-D sculptures called steles which recorded their history E. The fall 1. Too large to rule 2. Fell back into Sumerian city-states
  7. III. The Babylonian Empire1750-1595 B.C.E. A. First empire to apply the law to everyone B. King Hammurabi 1. His small city-state of Babylon conquered the rest of Mesopotamia 2. Made the city of Babylon the new capital
  8. III. The Babylonian Empire-Achievements C. Achievements 1. Hammurabi’s Code (applied to everyone, but all not treated equally) a. 282 laws written on a stele placed in a templefor all to see b. Harsh- “an eye for an eye” c. Unified the people and preserved order d. Based on the gods’ will e. Could never be changed
  9. Code of Hammurabi
  10. III. The Babylonian Empire-Achievements 2. Agriculture and trade flourished a. Roads were built b. Irrigation systems c. Capital city, Babylon became center for trade along Euphrates River 3. Arts - historical poems 4. Women and slaves a. Unlike other ancient cultures, treated unusually fair i. Slaves could keep their wages and own property, even buying freedom ii. Women could own property and keep their own money
  11. Carving showing slaves
  12. Woman Weaving
  13. III. The Babylonian Empire D. The fall 1. Too large to govern
  14. Answer the following questions using the map on p. 59 of the PURPLE History Alive! The Ancient World textbook. Answer in complete sentences-include the question in your answer and only write the answer. Example: Which mountains border the region of Mesopotamia? The mountains which border Mesopotamia are the Zagros Mountains and Taurus Mountains. 1. Which empire was the first in history according to this map? Akkadians, 2300 B.C.E. 2. Which cities were part of the first empire? Ur, Kish, Babylon, Assur, Ninevah, and Shubat-Enlil 3. Which empire had the largest territory? Assyrian Empire 4. Which rivers are part of Mesopotamia? Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 5. Into which body of water do those rivers flow? Persian Gulf 6. What other river is found on this map? Nile River 7. Which civilization formed around that river? Egypt 8. Describe the location of the city of Ur. Ur is located on the Euphrates River near the Persian Gulf. 9. How did the size of the Babylonian Empire compare to the size of the Neo-Babylonian Empire? The Neo-Babylonian Empire covered the same territory at the Babylonian Empire but expanded to the Mediterranean Sea. 10. Which empire was the most recent in history and when did it exist? The Neo-Babylonian Empire existed around 600 B.C.E. and was the most recent of the four Mesopotamian Empires
  15. IV. The Assyrian Empire900-600 B.C.E. A. A warlike people 1. 900 B.C.E. rulers trained Assyrians for war 2. Weapons made of iron and use of horses in war 3. Strategies a. The siege – attacking a city over and over until it falls b. Use of battering rams to poke holes in city walls c. Moveable towers used to climb over city walls d. Use of fear – cut off enemy heads and made defeated walk barefoot and carry heads
  16. Assyrian King with Gods
  17. IV. The Assyrian Empire B. Achievements 1. Built beautiful palaces for kings on high mounds 2. Designed the earliest aqueducts 3. Created 2-D sculptures that were very realistic C. The fall 1. After 300 years of rule the empire became too large to rule
  18. V. The Neo-Babylonians600-539 B.C.E. A. Babylonians regain control over Mesopotamia 1. Neo-Babylonian Empire – “neo” means new B. Famous King Nebuchadrezzar II, a ruthless military leader 1. Built inner and outer walls around Babylon 2. Built towers for archers to defend the city 3. Built a moat outside the walls
  19. Ziggurats
  20. V. The Neo-Babylonians C. Achievements 1. Rebuilt the city’s ziggurat “holy mountain” temple a. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon i. One of the ancient wonders of the world, an engineering masterpiece ii. Terraces with an irrigation system 2. Math and astronomy a. 1stsundial creating 60 min. hour and 7 day week D. The fall 1. Too big to rule and defend 2. Conquered by King Cyrus of the Persian Empire
  21. Hanging Gardens
  22. Homework due Nov. 13 (A-day)/Nov. 14 (B-day) On p. 44 of your Inbook create four steles (one for each empire-Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Neo-Babylonians) celebrating their most important achievement.
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