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Origins of the Bible

Origins of the Bible. The New Testament. Origins of the New Testament. Key Concepts Inspiration. Defined as “The Process Canon Deuterocanon Apocrypha Pseudopigrapha H omologoumena – Accepted Books Antilegomen – disputed Books. Origins of the New Testament.

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Origins of the Bible

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  1. Origins of the Bible The New Testament

  2. Origins of the New Testament • Key Concepts • Inspiration. Defined as “The Process • Canon • Deuterocanon • Apocrypha • Pseudopigrapha • Homologoumena – Accepted Books • Antilegomen– disputed Books

  3. Origins of the New Testament • Key People influencing the Canon • Heresies • Marcion–(140 ad) first list of books. He argued the church should reject the OT as a flawed view of God. • Gnostics (34ad-240ad) (Nag Hammadi collection, Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Mary Magdalene) • Montanism, Montanus (156ad) believed he was the mouthpiece of God and he was to prepare the way for the New Jerusalem, which would come to Phrygia.

  4. Origins of the New Testament • Church Fathers establishing the Canon • Muratorian Canon– a list of books translated in 1740. Considered to be the earliest list of canon books. Similar to our modern Canon. • Irenaeus (130-200ad) Who refers to most of the modern Canon. • Tertullian (160-220) He did not consider Hebrews canonical. Most of the rest included, but he combines Peter and John as single letters

  5. Origins of the New Testament • Origen (ca.185-254) Notes that 2nd Peter, 2nd and 3rd John disputed. • By 220, the Canon included • The Four Gospels, specifically rejecting the Gospel of Truth, and Gospel of Thomas • Acts • The Pauline letters • General Epistles, with debate over Hebrews and James

  6. Origins of the New Testament. • Now, let us consider the New Testament by major division. • There are many ways to divide the New Testament, but for our purposes, I want to consider: • Gospels (and Acts) • Pauline Letters • General Epistles

  7. Origins of the New Testament • The Gospels. • That there are only four authoritative Gospels is established very early. • There were other writings about Jesus known during the Apostolic period (Luke 1:1) • However, the books most commonly added are later than that. • Tatian (160AD) created the first Harmony of the Gospels, and he included only the four we know today. The Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Truth and Gospel of Mary were known, but rejected.

  8. Origins of the New Testament • The Four Gospels • Irenaeus (180 ad) lists four Gospels and specifically rejected the Gospel of Thomas • Eusebius (260ad-340ad). Greatest Early Church historian– most of what we know acknowledges four gospels. • Origen, Gregory Nazianzen argue for four gospels. • What about the new Gospels?

  9. Origins of the New Testament • This month, Houghton Mifflin publishers released the “New New Testament,” containing 10 “new” books, including • The Gospel of Thomas • The Gospel of Truth • The Gospel of Mary Magdalene • The Thunder: Perfect Mind • The Odes of Solomon I through IV • The Prayer of Thanksgiving and The Prayer of Paul • The Acts of Paul and Thecla • Letter of Paul to Philip • Secret Revelation to John

  10. Origins of the New Testament • The claim is that these books add to our knowledge of the Biblical period and to Christian thought. • But: • These Books were known to the Church • They were rejected because they were heretical; • They taught from Gnostic, Aryan or other heretical positions.

  11. Origins of the New Testament • These books are all found in 1945-1947 in the dig at Nag Hammadi. • Nag Hammadi was a Gnostic sect of Christianity in Egypt, considered by the Coptic Church, the Eastern Church, and the Roman Church to be heretics and out of line of Christian Doctrine. • Nag Hammadi writings tend to post-date the Apostolic period, except perhaps for the Gospel of Truth, but its gnostic character is indisputed.

  12. Origins of the New Testament • Canonicity of the New Testament • Evolved within the Church itself. • Council of Hippo 393– Augustine was there--- • Council at Carthage– Chaired by Augustine– codified the books in general usage. They matched the books we have today. • Books in controversy: • Hebrews– mostly because of questions of authorship • James– works verses • 2nd Peter, 3rd John. 3rd John because it was generally placed in 2nd John.

  13. Origins of the New Testament • So, what about the New Testament? • The Books that have been added have been considered and rejected by the Church because they were heretical. • The Books in the NT demonstrate • Authenticity– from the Apostolic Period • Inspiration– demonstrated influence in Lives • The New Testament Canon was established by 300 AD, and many challengers to the Canon were evaluated and rejected.

  14. Origins of the New Testament • Sources and Authors • Bruce, F.F. Many titles. • Little, Paul. Know Why You Believe • Meyer, H.A.W., Critical and Exegetical Handbook on the Gospels of Mark and Luke • Nash, Ronald. Christianity in the Hellenistic World • Ryrie, Charles, Various

  15. Origins of the New Testament • Sources • Scroggie, W. Graham. A Guide to the Gospels. • Scroggie, W. Graham. Is the Bible the Word of God? • Web Pages • www.biblereview.com • www.blueletterbible.org • www.biblegateway.com

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