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Progress Report 2014: Technology and Economic Assessment Panel

This progress report provides an update on the technology and economic assessment of various chemical options related to the Montreal Protocol and the Ozone Depletion Working Group. It covers topics such as feedstock use, process agents, foams, halons, and methyl bromide alternatives.

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Progress Report 2014: Technology and Economic Assessment Panel

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  1. Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Progress report 2014 including EUN and CUN report

  2. TEAP Chemical Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  3. CTOC Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s • Feedstock use • Total production of ODSs for feedstock uses in 2012 was about 1.1 Mega tonnes (Mt) (0.46 ODP Mt), which was a 4% increase compared to 2011. • Based on IPCC guidelines, the emissions of ODSs from feedstock uses are estimated as 5,700 t (2,300 ODP t). • Process agent • The number of process agent uses and the volume has continued to decrease, although some key uses remain. • nPB • The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has lowered the TLV of nPB to 0.1 ppm in 2014. 3

  4. TEAP Foams Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  5. HCFC phase-out in Article 5 countries M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s Stage 1 of most HPMPs is now well advanced Worst-first focus has put much emphasis on HCFC-141b phase-out in a number of foam sectors Rapid growth in production capacity for XPS foams has been reported in several parts of the Asian region XPS transitions are often scheduled in later phases of HPMPs Many transitions will be as a result of bilateral negotiations between Governments and multi-national XPS manufacturers The foam contribution to Decision XIX/6 targets in the short-term may be compromised as a result 5

  6. Developments with alternatives M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s The gaseous blowing agent, HFO-1234ze(E) is now available globally with the bulk of use in Europe Two producers are now focused on the HFO-1233zd(E) molecule with one producer being already on stream HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a further liquid blowing agent which will be available in small quantities commercially in 2014, with larger commercial supplies anticipated by 2016 Stability issues with gaseous HFOs have occurred in certain types of low-pressure two-component foaming formulations Although this is a relatively minor portion of the market, it will be important to address any remaining concerns 6

  7. TEAP Halons Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  8. Civil Aviation M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s • Engine nacelles: industry has formed a consortium to determine a single halon replacement • Cargo Compartments: the International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations has formed a Working Group to • Determine a date when halon alternatives could begin to be used in new designs of aviation cargo compartments • Provide that date to the International Civil Aviation Organisation during its next General Assembly in September 2016 8

  9. Halon availability M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s Halon availability is diminishing HTOC has a serious concern that many users are relying on halon imports for most important uses, such as civil aviation and military Many of these users are now encountering difficulties obtaining sufficient quantities of halon, with potential serious consequences Parties may wish to revisit the global strategic approach to halon bank management This could include development of updated training and awareness materials and programs, which address import and export, purity and other halon bank management needs 9

  10. TEAP Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  11. Methyl Bromide – controlled uses 1991-2012 Global consumption Production vs consumption Since 2005, an aggregate surplus of about 5,970 tonnes of MB produced for controlled uses has accumulated. This could be due to stocks or to lack of reporting of consumption in some countries MB for controlled uses was about 7% of the global baseline in 2012 A5 had phased out over 85% consumption, non-A5 over 98% M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s 11

  12. Progress with MB alternatives for controlled uses Non-chemical alternatives + IPM are increasing worldwide. Chemical alternatives are still very important for some sectors but negative health and environmental impacts are leading to regulatory restrictions and even deregistration in some countries. A recent meta-analysis conducted in USA indicates that, for soils uses, some chemical alternatives are as effective as MB, supporting MBTOC’s previous conclusions. Phosphine is the most widely adopted alternative for structures and commodities applications but resistance to this fumigant could challenge its future use. Propylene oxide, EDN and ethyl formate + CO2 (Vapormate) are being increasingly registered and used for postharvest pest control (including stored grain). M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s 12

  13. MB for exempted uses (QPS) 2000 - 2012 Reporting under Decision XIII/5 has shown that many countries do have good records for the major uses for QPS and the amount of MB is consistent from year to year. Parties may wish to request MBTOC to consolidate this information in order to determine where alternatives are possible for QPS uses. M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s 13

  14. Update on Decision XV/12 (high moisture dates) Decision XV/12 exempted MB uses for high moisture dates until feasible alternatives were identified. Since more than 3 years -- and in its 2013 and 2014 Progress Reports, TEAP/MBTOC has identified non-chemical and chemical options to replace MB. Although further research is recommended to ensure successful adoption of alternatives, MBTOC considers that replacement of MB in high moisture dates is now feasible, and suggests Parties may wish to take action as set out in Decision XV/12. M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s 14

  15. TEAP Refrigeration, AC and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  16. RTOC progress report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s Several new low-GWP refrigerants or blends continue to be developed and evaluated; some of them have a disclosed composition, are close to commercialization and have received R-number designations Heat transfer for unsaturated HFCs and compatibility data continue to be investigated in many R&D projects 16

  17. RTOC progress report (2) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s • HC-600a (isobutane) based appliances now manufactured in the US. Use of HC-600a is further increasing in Article 5 countries • R-744 (carbon dioxide) has become an important alternative option for centralised systems in supermarkets • HFC-32 split AC products have been commercialized in several countries • HC-290 (propane) split AC • conversion of HCFC-22 production lines is continuing in China • HC-290 products are available on a wide scale in China and India and to some extent in Europe 17

  18. TEAP Medical Technical Options Committee Progress Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  19. MTOC status report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s One nomination received from China for 217 tonnes for 2015. This represents less than 3% of annual maximum of CFCs used for MDIs under EUEs (9,000 tonnes in 1997), 0.3% of total EUE CFCs used for MDIs since 1996. Global CFC MDI manufacturing phase-out is approaching. 19

  20. TEAP MTOC Essential Use Nominations Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  21. Essential Uses:Summary for Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) Party 2014 Authorised 2015 Nominated (Recommend) China 235.05 217.34 (182.61) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s For Parties nominating in 2014: Authorised for 2014; Nominated(Recommend) 2015 in metric tonnes China’s nomination for 2015 expected to be its final EUN, assuming smooth transition. No other nominations were received for 2015. 21

  22. China (1) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s MTOC recommends 182.61 tonnes for 2015. Unable to recommend 34.73 tonnes. China might have adequate stockpile to supply its CFC requirements in 2015. MTOC is recommending an EUE in the expectation would produce new CFCs only if absolutely necessary. With salbutamol CFC-free MDIs available or in the pipeline, China is on track to meet its CFC MDI manufacturing phase out date by the end of 2015. 22

  23. China (2) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s MTOC is unable to recommend 1.27 tonnes (salbutamol) and 0.89 tonnes (beclomethasone), because for one company the R&D programme for salbutamol and beclomethasone will not be completed in time to meet China’s phase-out schedule. MTOC recommends remainder of nominated quantities for salbutamol and inhaled corticosteroids (beclomethasone and budesonide). MTOC is unable to recommend 28 tonnes (isoprenaline), because reformulation of isoprenaline is unlikely to be completed by the end of 2015. MTOC is unable to recommend 4.57 tonnes (sodium cromoglycate) because alternatives will be available by 2015. 23

  24. China (3) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s MTOC recommends 0.745 tonnes (ipratropium and salbutamol combination) for one final year. MTOC recommends 0.2 tonnes (dimethicone for pulmonary oedema) due to lack of alternatives in remote areas and expected progress in reformulation. MTOC recommends 2 tonnes (clenbuterol and datura metel extract) due to current lack of alternatives in remote areas and reported progress in reformulation. 24

  25. TEAP CTOC Essential Use Nominations Report M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i s

  26. Essential Use Nomination of CFC-113 Party 2014 Authorised 2015 Nominated Russian Federation 75 75 M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s • Nomination for aerospace industries by the Russian Federation for 2015: • Newly designed equipment can be cleaned by either HCFC-141b or methylene chloride (CH2Cl2). • CTOC recommends the essential use nomination of 75 tonnes of CFC-113 for 2015. It will be the final nomination. 26

  27. EUN for CTC from China M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s Nomination for CTC laboratory and analytical uses (“testing of oil, grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons in water”) received from China China nominated 90 tonnes of CTC for 2015 as a consequence of Decision XXIII/6. The Chinese MEP has initiated revision of the national standard HJ 637-2012 that will specify the use of non-ODS substitutes to replace CTC for future testing, however, issuing the revised standard will take some time. The CTC would not have to be newly produced as it would come from the chloromethane production in China where it is a by-product. 27

  28. EUN for CTC from China (2) M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 4 m e e t i n g, 1 4 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 4, P a r i s One consideration for CTOC was the justification for the 90 t of CTC to conduct water analysis. Although China submitted additional information on the measuring sites, frequencies etc., there remains a large discrepancy between the calculated volume and the 90 tonnes. CTOC also considered the significant delays in drafting, submitting and implementing the revised standards, as described in the nomination, even though ODS-free alternative methods have been available for 15 years. CTOC is aware that China signed a CTC Phase-Out Plan with the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol and requests additional clarification of how this nomination relates to that plan. At this stage, CTOC is unable to recommend the Essential Use Nomination for China without further information. 28

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