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Mutations and Review

Mutations and Review. 2.24-2.28. Do Now. Fill in the table. Mutation. Mutation: A permanent change that occurs in a cells DNA. Mutations. Mutations can also happen in Proteins. Why can mutations in proteins be as devastating as mutations in chromosomes?. Normal.

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Mutations and Review

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  1. Mutations and Review 2.24-2.28

  2. Do Now • Fill in the table

  3. Mutation • Mutation: A permanent change that occurs in a cells DNA

  4. Mutations • Mutations can also happen in Proteins. • Why can mutations in proteins be as devastating as mutations in chromosomes?

  5. Normal THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Why did I use three letter words?

  6. Missense THE BIZ FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Missense- is the substitution of the wrong nucleotide Causes limb dwarfism

  7. Nonsense THE BIG RAT In this case RAT is the stop codon and FAT changed to RAT and it stopped the code. Causes Muscular Dystrophy

  8. Deletion THB IGF ATC ATA TET HEW ETR AT A nucleotide was deleted which messed up the entire code Causes Cystic Fibrosis

  9. Insertion THE BIG ZFA TCA TAT ETH EWE TRA Added a nucleotide which messes up the code Causes Crohns disease

  10. Duplication THE BIG BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Duplicated a codon Causes nerve damage in lower legs and hands causing them to twitch and weaken

  11. Expanding Mutation THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT THE BIG FAT CAT CATCAT ATE THE WET RAT THE BIG FAT CAT CATCATCATCAT ATE THE… The code will repeat and expand over generations. Meaning the children will have it worse than the parents Huntingtons Disease. Degeneration of the brain causing uncontrolled movement, emotional disturbance and mental deterioration.

  12. Mutations Happen • With trillions of cells mistakes happen • However, it only impacts us if the mistakes are allowed to continue • There are PROTEINS that kill cells that are abnormal • Can only pass mutations to children if they are attached to SEX CELLS • Isolated body cell with mutation will not be passed on

  13. Review Punnett squares • Grab a dry erase board and a marker • Do the punnett square • A homozygous dominant Tall plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant that is short. What are the phenotypes of their offspring?

  14. Review • Two heterozygous parents express the dominant trait. What is the chance their offspring will be recessive?

  15. Review • A homozygous recessive for brown color moth is crossed with another homozygous recessive for brown moth. What color will their children be?

  16. Review • In humans the allele for having a straight thumb is dominant to the allele for having a curved thumb. A male is homozygous dominant for straight thumbs and a female has curved thumbs. What is the probability that their offspring have curved thumbs?

  17. Review • What is incomplete dominance? • What is codominance?

  18. New: Polygenic • A trait that arises from multiple pairs of genes is called polygenic. • Skin color • Height • Eye color

  19. Exit Ticket • Page 353 • Problems 3,4,6 and 7. • Write question with answer.

  20. Tribal Council • Notebook (40 points) • You MUST check for completeness of notes • Look for Do Nows…are they answered? • Look for Exit Tickets are the answered? • Participation (20 points)

  21. Ethics and Genetic Engineering • Do Now 2.26.14 • Write these questions in your notebook • What is transgenics? Name an example of a transgenic organism. • What ethical questions arise over the creation of genetically modified organisms such as clones or transgenic animals?

  22. During the Video • Answer the first question and gather as many examples as you can of genetic engineering. • Pay attention so that you can journal on the second question after the video is over. • We will then be working in tribes.

  23. Tribal Challenge: Worth 20 Extra Credit points each • On the paper, you and your tribe should come up with the pros and cons of genetic engineering. • You will have 30 minutes to gather your information on the paper. • All members of the team must then stand up in front of the class and present what they think the pros and cons of genetic engineering are.

  24. Presenting • Everyone must talk. • You must introduce yourself when you begin. • State the pros and cons of genetic engineering. • THEN, tell us your collective opinion. Are you for or against genetic engineering. WHY? • This is a grade. If you do what I ask it is worth 50 pts.

  25. Do Now 2.28.14 • Draw this in your notebook

  26. Questions • What is the genotype of #3? • What must be the genotype of #4? • What are the genotypes of #1 and #2? How do you know?

  27. Questions • What are the genotypes of #8 and #9? • Go through as put the genotypes of all individuals in the pedigree.

  28. Golden Rule • Parents are heterozygous if they produce a child that is recessive but they do not have the trait. • Heterozygous means they will express the dominant allele.

  29. Tribal Council • Notes (40 pts) • Participation (20 pts) • Study Guide is due on Monday. • Notebook check will be next Wednesday • Final Exam is Next Wednesday.

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