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BEFORE WE START: Great Job everyone at the Pep Rally on Friday!!

BEFORE WE START: Great Job everyone at the Pep Rally on Friday!!. -athletes -Band -Song -Choir -ASB -The Crowd YOU GUYS ROCKED!!. CHAPTER THREE. People and Ideas on the move 3500-259 BCE. A little background….

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BEFORE WE START: Great Job everyone at the Pep Rally on Friday!!

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  1. BEFORE WE START:Great Job everyone at the Pep Rally on Friday!! -athletes -Band -Song -Choir -ASB -The Crowd YOU GUYS ROCKED!!

  2. CHAPTER THREE People and Ideas on the move 3500-259 BCE

  3. A little background… • Indo Europeans  a group of seminomadic people who came from the steppes (dry grasslands of western Asia) • Many different languages • 1700 BC  these people began to leave their homelands and migrated to other settled locations. • Invaded and conquered the land and the people of the Indus Valley. • ARYANS

  4. A CASTE SYSTEM DEVELOPS!!! • Aryans (the name means NOBLES in their language) • Referred to the people they found in India (The Indus Valley people!) as DASAS dark. • Upon their arrival to India  the Aryans were divided into SOCIAL CLASSES! • The class that an Aryan belonged to determined his or her role in society • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j31veR74gSo

  5. SECTION 2:ROOTS OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM • Aryans and non Aryans (Dasas) followed their own forms of religion • However with CULTURAL DIFFUSION  the different gods began to blend together • THIS CREATED TURMOIL AMONGST THE GROUPS!! • WELCOME…… • HINDUISM • Unlike most other religions, Hinduism has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings.

  6. Hinduism has hundreds of thousands of gods!! • Hindus share a common world-view. • VEDAS  sacred literature that include prayers, magical spells, and instructions on how to preform rituals • Upanishads another sacred book, initially written as dialogues between student and teacher • Ultimately  trying to obtain MOKSHA • A STATE OF PERFECT UNDERSTANDING OF ALL THINGS

  7. Ready to be confused??Here we go!! • ATMAN  the individual soul of a living being • BRAHMAN  the world soul that contains and UNITES all atmans. • Don’t get it? That’s okay because… • This understanding of ATMAN and BRAHMAN does not happen in one lifetime!! • REINCARNATION  rebirth. A person’s soul is born again until MOKSHA is achieved! • KARMA  good or bad deeds that follow you into your next life!

  8. Hinduism is always CHANGING! • BRAHMAN  the world soul • Brahman has three different personalities of gods: • 1. Brahma = the creat0r • 2. Vishnu = the protector • 3. Shiva = the destroyer • TODAY: Hindus are free to choose the deity they want to worship. • AND: they are free to choose which path they want to take for achieving MOKSHA….

  9. WAYS TO ACHIEVE MOKSHA: • 1. THE PATH OF RIGHT THINKING • 2. THE PATH OF RIGHT ACTION • 3. THE PATH OF RELIGIOUS DEVOTION • The Hindu people were absolutely guided by their RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. • Religious beliefs along with the caste system DOMINATED every aspect of a person’s life.

  10. NEW RELIGIONS ARISE • 1. Jainism everything in the universe has a soul and should not be harmed. • Nonviolence (No ant killing!) • Because of this…they generally work in occupations that would not bring harm to any creatures. (trade and commerce) • $$$$$

  11. BUDDHISM • SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA  the founder of Buddhism • Noble….there was a prophecy about Siddhartha even before his birth – that he would become a world ruler or spiritual leader. • His dad isolated him to make sure he would be a RULER!! • At 29 years of age  had only gone outside of the palace 4 TIMES! (Super lame) • Decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and end suffering • (good work Siddhartha!)

  12. Siddartha wandered…. • The forest of India for six years seeking ENLIGHTENMENT. (Wisdom) • Sat under a fig tree and meditated for 49 days and finally achieved the understanding of the cause of suffering in the world. • From this point, he is known as THE BUDDHA (The enlightened one)

  13. THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

  14. JUST LIKE A STAIRCASE • You had to master one step at a time!!! • Most often, this would happen over many lifetimes! • What is that called? • Reincarnation!!

  15. IF YOU FOLLOW THIS EIGHTFOLD PATH THAN ANYONE COULD….. • Reach NIRVANA!  release from selfishness and pain. • The Buddha’s teachings included many ideas from Hinduism! • Similarities = Moksha and Nirvana  breaking the chains of reincarnation • However it REJECTED MANY OF THE GODS FROM HINDUISM • HE HATED THE PRIVILEGES OF THE BRAHMIN WHO WERE…… • PRIESTS!

  16. Buddhism & Society • Buddha rejected the social caste system!! • Because of this, many of his followers were craftspeople. • Fyi But he reluctantly admitted women! (Boo!)  distraction • Monks & Nuns  took solemn vows, lives of poverty, missionaries • Sangha  community of monks and priests

  17. SACRED LITERATUREOf Buddhism • Written down shortly after the Buddha’s death • Commentaries • Rules about MONASTIC life • How to meditate • Legends about the Buddha’s previous reincarnations

  18. Buddhism on the MOVE… • Missionaries are important in spreading Buddhism • TRADE promoted the spread of Buddhism  Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, China • Carried along the Silk Road  remember not an actual road!!  • ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD RELIGIONS IN EAST ASIA. • FROM KOREA  TO JAPAN • Small amount now though in India. • TRADE TRADETRADE = CULTURAL DIFFUSION • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8r6sBOmEYM

  19. JUDAISM2000-600 BCLOCATIONBetween…

  20. PALESTINE • Philistines They lived in Palestine --> nomadic people • CANAAN  ancient home of the Hebrew  later called THE JEWS • Like the Aryans. Everyone needs a home! • By land Palestine connected Egypt and Asia. • Mediterranean and Red Seas • ACCORDING TO OUR BIBLE  Canaan was the land God had promised the HEBREW PEOPLE>

  21. THE TORAH • Early history of the Hebrews found in  THE TORAH • (Hebrew Bible) • IN OUR BIBLE  The Torah is part of the OLD TESTATMENT (THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES) • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy • SACRED WRITINGS!!!!!

  22. ABRAHAM • In the Torah, God chose ABRAHAM to be the father of the Hebrew People • Shepard in Ur, in Mesopotamia • God commanded him to move his people from Ur to Canaan. (1800 BC) • God = YAHWEH • UNLIKE EVERYONE ELSE  HEBREWS WERE MONOTHEISTIC. • Mutual Promise between Yahweh and his people = COVENANT (agreement)

  23. At this time…. • The Hebrews were roaming. • They went to Egypt  drought and famine. • Later forced into Slavery • LET MY PEOPLE GO!!!! • THE EXODUS • (Passover) • Who lead this exodus??

  24. MOSES!!!! • Born in Egypt • At the time Egyptian Pharaoh felt threatened by Hebrews • Every Hebrew male baby to be killed! • Moses’ mother hid him • Found, adopted • When God/Yahweh, commanded him to lead the Jews out of Egypt he DID!! (You go Moses!)

  25. Hebrews were on the move… • Moses went to pray on Mt. Sinai (SY-NY) • God spoke to him  The Ten Commandments • God promised to protect the Hebrews. They promised to keep his commandments. • Thus we have a: • NEW COVENANT

  26. WANDERING FOR 40 YEARS!! • SO LONG!! • Settled finally in Canaan  no longer nomadic • 12 tribes with judges • DEBORAH  prominent judge, a woman • CODE OF LAWS similar to Hammurabi’s Code • Included ten commandments and other laws • AN EYE FOR AN EYE • Told to us by the PROPHETS

  27. ACT RIGHT & WORSHIP GOD • Simple, right? • Okay moving on then! • THESE 12 TRIBES UNITE WITH AN ARMY. • Judah was one of the biggest tribes • Thus  why Hebrews were called Jews and the religion JUDAISM. • United under: King Saul. • UNITING in one kingdom called: ISRAEL

  28. After Saul’s Death… • Son-in-law  DAVID • Very popular • Established JERUSALEM as the Capital of Israel • He dies. • Followed by his son: SOLOMON • THE MOST POWERFUL OF THE HEBREW KINGS. WHY? • Built a trading empire. • Built a magnificent temple. TO GLORIFY GOD OF COURSE!

  29. THE KINGDOM DIVIDES….. • All of this stuff going on COSTS MONEY  TAXES • People weren’t happy. • After Solomon’s death the kingdom divides!! 922 BC • ISRAEL  in the north • JUDAH  in the south

  30. Both end up LOSING!! • Israel and Judah lose their independence • Israel to the ASSYRIANS • Who were the Assyrians? • Judah eventually falls to the BABYLONIANS • NEBUCHADNEZZAR – Babylonian king • Jerusalem falls  people forced to relocate to Babylon • Cyrus the Great  • Conquers Babylon  allows Jews to return to Jerusalem • OTHER EMERGING EMPIRES: Persians, Greeks and Romans.

  31. REVIEW: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyEaAcPGAhA

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