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Medicinal Mushrooms

Medicinal Mushrooms. Georges M. Halpern, MD, PhD Distinguished Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University drgeorges@drgeorges.net. Medicinal Mushrooms as Immunoregulators.

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Medicinal Mushrooms

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  1. Medicinal Mushrooms Georges M. Halpern, MD, PhD Distinguished Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University drgeorges@drgeorges.net HK VTC 26-11-06

  2. HK VTC 26-11-06

  3. Medicinal Mushrooms as Immunoregulators • An immunoregulator is any substance that can quiet or activate the immune system, depending on circumstances. • Medicinal mushrooms can help the immune system stay wide awake and strike the perfect balance between overactivity and sluggishness. HK VTC 26-11-06

  4. Polysaccharides and Beta Glucans • Beta Glucans are a type of polysaccharide found in mushrooms that give mushrooms some medicinal properties. • Beta Glucans are huge molecules • Beta Glucans are decoys that make the body believe it is being invaded by a microbe or a foreign cell • Beta Glucans bind to certain receptors on the surface of macrophages and other white blood cells • Beta Glucans have been shown to stimulate the production of some cytokines • Prevention of asthma HK VTC 26-11-06

  5. Medicinal Mushrooms as Adaptogens • Adaptogens are substances that help the body adapt during times of stress • Stress and Cortisol • Effects of adaptogens on stress HK VTC 26-11-06

  6. Terpenoids in Mushrooms • anti-infectious • anti-inflammatory HK VTC 26-11-06

  7. Medicinal Mushrooms and Prebiotics • Mushrooms form a class above many other prebiotics • Stimulate M cells in the lining of the intestine HK VTC 26-11-06

  8. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi, Lingzhi) Bitter (terpenoids) Traditional indications: CFS, Diabetes,↑cholesterol, Asthma Vit C improves absorption Protects skin vs. UV (cancer), WBC vs. radiation. HK VTC 26-11-06

  9. Cordyceps sinensis Can be cooked with: • old duck • black-bone hen • lean pork (for men) • quail • baked abalone (bronchitis) • Halpern GM. Cordyceps: China’s healing mushroom. Avery, NY. 199;116pp HK VTC 26-11-06

  10. 冬蟲夏草 HK VTC 26-11-06

  11. Cordyceps Cs-4: History and Discovery历史和发现 • For more than a thousand years, Cordyceps sinensis has been the most prized “tonic food” in Asia, especially in China.冬虫夏草 千年补品 • Cordyceps sinensis was recorded in “New Compilation of Materia Medica” as:据新编本草： • sweet and neutral in nature 性甘，中 • protects lung and kidney function 保护肺及肾功能 • nourishes the essence and vital energy. • Cordyceps sinensis isprimarily a kind of “parasitic mushroom”. The principal species（主要种属）is Paecilomyces hepiali Chen.(Cs-4) • In the late 1970s, Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, initiated a 10-year program to study Cordyceps sinensis. HK VTC 26-11-06

  12. Cordyceps Cs-4: History and Discovery 历史和发现 • Institute of Materia Medica successfully developed a deep layer fermentation method for the industrial production of Cordyceps Cs-4 in 1985. 药物所建立深层发酵法 • Chinese Ministry of Health approved Cordyceps Cs-4as the first “Class-One” TCM in 1987. 卫生部批准1类中药 • Cordyceps Cs-4 was commercially introduced in China in 1989. 投放市场（1989） • There are >600,000 regular Cordyceps Cs-4 users in China today 六十多万人服用(70 mm RMB in 1996 sales). • Cordyceps Cs-4 has one of the most outstanding records of product safety. 安全性突出 HK VTC 26-11-06

  13. Cordyceps Claims产品说明 • Historical历史 • - Protects lung and kidney function保护肺、肾功能 • - Nourishes the essence and vital energy增强精力 • Current现在的说明 • - Promotes stamina, healthy lung function增强精力和肺功能 • - Increases endurance增加耐力 • - Reduces fatigue减轻疲劳 • Dose: 525mg capsule: 2 capsules twice or three times daily with food 525mg/胶囊，每日2-3次；每次2粒 HK VTC 26-11-06

  14. Cordyceps and Sexual Function: Summary对性功能的作用：总结 • PN0016-2: Placebo-controlled trial • 65.2% improvement 改善 • PN0074: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial • 66.1% improvement 改善 • PN0341: Placebo-controlled trial • 64% improvement 改善;  22% 17-hydrocortisone; •  7.5% 17-ketosterol • PN0346: Open trial • Sperm count精子计数: 33% (from 99 to 132 million/L) • Malformed sperms畸形精子: 20% (from 70% to 50%) • Sperms survival rate精子存活率:23% (from 29% to 50%) HK VTC 26-11-06

  15. Agaricus blazei Murill Low MW α-1,4-glucan-β,6-glucan has strong anti-tumor effect in mice, ↑T cells, WBC, NK cells, C3 activity vs. tumors Glucan-protein complex found in edible mushroom HK VTC 26-11-06

  16. Grifola frondosa (Maitake) Hypoglycemic (diabetes) ↓blood lipids, LDL (not HDL); hypotensive Grifon-D + vit C vs. prostate cancer cells Vs. obesity Protects liver vs. D-galactosamine toxicity ↑IL-6, TNF-α production HK VTC 26-11-06

  17. Phellinus linteus In skin creams (vs. aging) Shrinks melanoma tumor in mice (+ Adriamycin); no effect on metastases ↑T-cell, cytotoxic T-cell; NK-cell, macrophage; B-cell activity HK VTC 26-11-06

  18. Trametes versicolor (ex Coriolus versicolor, Yunzhi) PSK/Krestin; PSP After 10y, 39% (vs. 16%) [n=185] of PSK stage I-II lung cancer survived After 10y, 81.1% (vs. 64.5%) [n=227] of PSK (+ chemo) breast cancer survived PSP (Cov-1)↓side-effects of chemo-, radio-therapy HK VTC 26-11-06

  19. Hericium erinaceus (Pompom blanc) Vs. GI disorders, bleeding Hercenon A & B, Y-A-2 fatty extract may be chemo vs. cancer Helps NGF, vs. Alzheimer’s ↑T-cell response to Con-A, LPS ↑immune-mediated shrinking of tumors in mice HK VTC 26-11-06

  20. Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) 154 Lentinan ref. PubMed Developed by Tomio Tada Major adjuvant vs. malignancies in Japan Improves QOL, tolerance to AZT, ddi in HIV+ patients Fights oral bacteria (vs. caries) HK VTC 26-11-06

  21. Agaricus bisporus (Champignon) Prevention of blindness vs. PVR Better healing after glaucoma surgery Prevention of spread of human epithelial cancer cells; anti-aromatase (breast cancer in post-menopausal women) HK VTC 26-11-06

  22. Devilled Mushrooms 450g Agaricus bisporus 60-85g Butter 40ml Medium Paprika 40ml chopped Mango chutney Chili, Salt and Black Pepper, Sour Cream Fry the mushrooms in butter until soft. Season with chili and pepper. Stir in the paprika and chutney and a little salt. Cook for a further 4 minutes and spoon into a serving bowl. Sour ream can be stirred in, or served separately. HK VTC 26-11-06

  23. Antrodia camphorata Anti-inflammatory Protects liver vs. toxicity & fibrosis Anti-viral (Hepatitis B) Inhibits growth of a breast cancer cell line Neuroprotective HK VTC 26-11-06

  24. Dictyophora indusiata (Veiled lady) Protects or improve CNS, including nerve growth Anti-inflammatory on both edema & hyperalgesia HK VTC 26-11-06

  25. Fomitopsis officinalis (Agarikon) Styptic Vs. viruses: yellow fever, SARS, pox viruses HK VTC 26-11-06

  26. 茯 苓Poria cocos Tonic for the elderly; helps growth in children Diuretic vs. edema Anti-leukemia (= etoposide) Vs. psoriasis Topical vs. oily skin & acne Vs. abortion & organ rejection HK VTC 26-11-06

  27. Rozites caperata (Gipsy) Anti-viral: vs. influenza A, chicken pox, herpes simplex 1 & 2, respiratory syncytial virus (Not by eating mushroom!) HK VTC 26-11-06

  28. Gipsy veal sauté ½lb veal scaloppini 2tb butter 1c sliced Gipsy mushrooms ½c sliced scallions incl. tops 2tb dry vermouth, or 2tb chicken broth ⅓c heavy cream 1 ½tb sun-dried tomato paste Sauté veal in butter until lightly browned. Remove from pan. Add scallions & mushrooms. Sauté lightly. Add vermouth or chicken broth & bring to a boil. Add cream & tomato paste. Cook 2 min. Return veal to pan to heat through. HK VTC 26-11-06

  29. Tremella fuciformis (Snow fungus) Vs. tuberculosis, high blood pressure Immuno-stimulant vs. tumors Anti-diabetic HK VTC 26-11-06

  30. Steamed Papaya Broth with Almonds & Snow Fungus 1kg ripe papaya30g snow fungus, soaked for 1 hour60g almonds, soaked in hot water and skinned10g seedless red dates60g rock sugar2 1/2 cups water Peel, halve and remove seeds from papaya. Using a metal spoon, scoop out the flesh of the papaya. Combine the papaya flesh, fungus, almonds, red dates, rock sugar and water in a large bowl. Steam over a slow fire for two hours. Serve hot. HK VTC 26-11-06

  31. The End Thanks! HK VTC 26-11-06

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