Orientations to Teaching and Learning

1. Orientations to Teaching and Learning Janis Braue

2. New Survivor Show

3. Greatest Challenges Facing Special Educators Today

4. Special Education Today • The number of special education students who spend the majority of their day in general education classes is increasing every year. • Some of these classes have the support of a consultant or a special education teacher.

5. Special Education Today • 15%-25% of all students have a learning or behavior problem. • Specific Learning Disabilities continues to be the most prevalent disability. • SLD is 5 times more prevalent that Emotional Disturbance.

6. Special Education Today • Students with Autism increased from 10,000 in 1992 to 65,000 in 2001. • 1 out of every 110 births • 1 out of every 70 males • 57% increase from 2002 to 2006 • 600% increase in 20 years

7. Theories • Better evaluations • Increasing environmental risks • Misidentification/have not been taught • Children living in poverty • Medical science keeps children alive

8. Types of Disabilities • 11% of all students between the ages of 6-13 have a disability. • 75% SLD or SLI • 9% MR • 6% ED • 5% OHI • Other disabilities <2%

9. Student Problems • Academics • Attention • Hyperactivity • Memory • Language • Aggression • Withdrawn behavior • Bizarre behavior

10. Questions to Consider • Length of time? • How severe? • Is progress being made? • Motivation? • Instruction? • Relationship with teacher?

11. Response to Intervention • Multi-tiered interventions • Data collection system • Ongoing progress monitoring • Preventative approach to special education • Early intervention

12. Special Education • Specialized instruction • Related services • Assistive technology • Student goals • Research-based methods • Program is driven by student performance

13. IDEA • IDEA ‘97 mandated greater access to the general curriculum for students with special needs. • IDEA ‘04 emphasized academic performance goals and accountability consistent with the standards for non-disabled peers.

14. Learning Environments • Mainstreaming - placing students with disabilities part-time in the regular classroom • Inclusion- placing students with disabilities full-time in the regular classroom

15. Do special education students receive the academic and behavioral support that they require in a regular classroom?

16. Instructional Cycle • Set instructional goals • Plan instruction • Instruct, evaluate, modify instruction based on evaluation

17. Assessment • Formal • Informal • Reading inventories • Observations • Work Samples

18. Graphs, Charts & Records • Graphs & Charts used to measure progress on one behavior or skill (Figures 1.4 & 1.5) • Performance Records measure a set of skills for a long length of time (Figure 1.7) • Process Records: Portfolios, Learning Logs, & Dialogue Journals measure performance over time (Figure 1.8)

19. Design Instruction • Use assessment data • Group students • Set instructional targets • Prepare a schedule • Set up a system • Identify students who need more help

20. Scaffolding • Apply the Concept 1.2 p. 23 • Teach new information in small steps • Use systematic instruction • Practice until the student can complete the activity independently.