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3 Structures of Memory

Sensory Registers. Iconic memoryVisual information is input during brief fixations; how much information is taken in?Span of apprehension is about 7 itemsGeorge Sperling devised the partial report technique to show that much more information is available but is rapidly lost. Sensory Registers. E

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3 Structures of Memory

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    1. 3 Structures of Memory Sensory Registers very transient, high capacity iconic memory echoic memory Short-term/Working Memory transient capacity-limited Long-term Memory relatively permanent perhaps unlimited

    2. Sensory Registers Iconic memory Visual information is input during brief fixations; how much information is taken in? Span of apprehension is about 7 items George Sperling devised the partial report technique to show that much more information is available but is rapidly lost

    3. Sensory Registers Echoic memory Darwin, Turvey & Crowder demonstrated an echoic memory with partial report Shadowing task Suffix effect

    4. Sensory Registers Summary Our sensory systems initially process very large quantities of nonselected information, but most of this information is rapidly lost What is retained is the very limited information to which we have paid attention

    5. Short Term Memory: Dual Store View Important features Information must go through STM before it is stored in LTM Time-limited availability Capacity limited Transfer to LTM depends on time in STM

    6. Evidence for Dual Store View The story of H.M. removal of hippocampus to treat epilepsy result is anterograde amnesia “every moment is like waking from a dream” Short term memory is fine; long term memory is fine, but no new learning Memory Span

    7. Memory Span The amount that can be remembered from a single presentation memory span is limited to about 7 +/- 2 ‘chunks’ (George Miller) practice in ‘chunking’ can extend span memory span depends on reading rate (Cavanaugh)

    8. Memory Span Test 2 7 4 5 6 1 9 7 1 5 9 4 2 9 5 7 6 3 2 1 8 5 1 6 4 2 9 8 3 7 1 7 7 6 2 0 0 1 1 9 9 8 1 0 6 6

    9. Short-term Memory: One Store View STM is the currently activated portion of LTM Semantic structure is important in STM as in LTM Loss of activation in STM is part of the same loss that occurs for LTM

    10. Active or Working Memory Central Executive, slave rehearsal states Rehearsal “Slaves” phonological loop verbal rehearsal visuo-spatial sketch pad “spatial/visual” rehearsal

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