1 / 43

China’s First Civilizations

China’s First Civilizations. Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?. Looking Back – Looking Ahead. In earlier chapters, you learned that many civilizations developed in river valleys. China’s civilization also began in a river valley, but mountains and deserts affected its

wardah
Download Presentation

China’s First Civilizations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. China’s First Civilizations Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?

  2. Looking Back – Looking Ahead In earlier chapters, you learned that many civilizations developed in river valleys. China’s civilization also began in a river valley, but mountains and deserts affected its development.

  3. Main Ideas • Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. (page 277) • Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. (page 278) • Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. (page 281)

  4. Main Idea • Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. Huang He Tian Shan Gobi Desert

  5. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Huang He – Yellow River • Flooded (China’s Sorrow) • Destroyed homes/Killed people • Left behind RICH silt • Could grow LARGE amounts of food on very small farms

  6. Nile Vs. Huang He • Nile leaves 2 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil • Huang He leaves 57 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil

  7. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Chang Jiang/Yangtze River Rich soil for farming • Only 1/10 of China’s land can be farmed • Most of land is mountains and deserts (bad for farms)

  8. Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization. • Mountains and Deserts separated China – Think about Egypt’s geography • Himalaya – Southwest • Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan mountains to the west • Gobi Desert – Cold/Rocky…East of Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan

  9. hamptonworldhistoryi.wikispaces.com Huang He River Tian Shan Kunlun Shan Chang Jiang River

  10. CHECK • What were the two important river in early Chinese Civilization? • Huang He and Chang Jiang • What did the rivers provide? • Rich silt – could grow a lot of food on small farms

  11. CHECK • What is the cold, rocky location east of the Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan Mountains? • Gobi Desert

  12. CHECK • How was the effect of geography in China similar to the effect geography had on Ancient Egypt • Geography (mountains/deserts) separated China from other civilizations

  13. Main Idea POWERFUL!! Controlled Land SHANG • Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. STRONG Army ekantipur.com internationalbusinesslawadvisor.com slipperybrick.com globalenvision.org

  14. Shang Dynasty • Huang He Valley – First center of Civilization in China • First Dynasty – Xia – Know almost nothing about them • Dynasty • A line of rulers who belong to the same family

  15. Shang Dynasty • 2nd Rulers – Shang dynasty • Anyang – China’s 1st Capital City • Used Bronze weapons to take over nearby areas • Warlords governed territories • Warlords • Military leaders who command their own armies

  16. Shang Dynasty • King had LARGER armies to control borders • Armies helped King keep power • Aristocrats – warlords and royal officials (upper class) • Aristocrats passed power from generation to generation

  17. Shang Dynasty • Few Artisans and traders • MOST people were FARMERS • Farmers did not own land • Aristocrats owned the land • Some slaves

  18. Shang – gods and spirits • People in Shang China worshipped gods and spirits. • Tried to keep gods and spirits happy • Angry gods and spirits were thought to cause bad events such as a poor harvest or loss in battle

  19. Shang - Ancestors • People in Shang China honored ancestors – offerings • Hoped ancestors would bring good luck – help in times of need

  20. Shang – Telling the Future • Kings believed gods gave them special power and wisdom • Priests scratched questions in oracle bones – hot metal rods made bones crack • Priests interpreted the cracks as answers to the questions

  21. Shang – Telling the Future • Kings used answers from oracle to determine courses of action • Scratches were first known Chinese writing

  22. Chinese Writing • Pictographs – pictures that represent objects • Ideographs – pictures that represent ideas (2 or more pictographs combined)

  23. Shang Artists • Silk for fine clothes • Vases/Dishes of fine white clay • Statues of ivory and Jade • BEST KNOWN for bronze objects

  24. CHECK • 1st Chinese Capital • Anyang • Who ruled Shang territories? • Warlords • MOST Chinese people were…? • They were farmers

  25. CHECK • Shang worshipped…?\ • Gods and spirits – tried to keep them happy • Shang honored who? • Ancestors…hoped for help in time of need…good luck

  26. CHECK • Chinese writing used __ and __? • Pictographs and Ideographs • Shang artisans were best known for? • Bronze objects

  27. Main Idea • Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. Right to RULE china.mrdonn.org

  28. Cruelty = Loss of Power • Shang Kings were very wealthy most other people were VERY poor • Kings began to treat the poor with cruelty • Zhou Dynasty results from rebellion

  29. Zhou Dynasty • Ruled for 800 years - longest rule in Chinese history • King was head of government • Bureaucracy under King • Bureaucracy – appointed officials who are in charge of different parts of government

  30. Zhou Dynasty • Aristocrats (not Warlords) ruled territories • Aristocrats passed rule of territories to son or other relative when they died • King main purpose was to carry out religious rituals – the people’s link to heaven

  31. Zhou Dynasty • Zhou Kings believed they were in charge of China because the gods wanted them there • Mandate of Heaven • Gods chose King to rule with goodness and wisdom

  32. Mandate of Heaven • King expected to rule according to Dao (proper way) • King’s duty – keep gods happy • Bad harvest, loss in battle = angry gods = king failed • People had the right to overthrow and replace the king

  33. Mandate of Heaven • Gave people right to overthrow evil King • Clearly stated King was not a god • Could only be questioned by overthrowing the king

  34. New Tools • Irrigation developed during Zhou Dynasty • Iron plows increased food production = larger population • Silk = important trade item

  35. Zhou Dynast Falls • Over time – rulers of territories gained power and set up their own states • States battled each other – 200 years – Period of the Warring Stated

  36. Zhou Dynast Falls • Used swords, spears, crossbows • Invented saddles and stirrups • Qin defeated other states with huge cavalry

  37. CHECK • What is the Mandate of Heaven? • Mandate of Heaven says the gods put kings in charge of China • Importance of Mandate • Kings had to be good rulers – gave people right to overthrow

  38. Check • Importance of Iron Plow • Led to increased land farmed, increased population, increased trade • Development that allowed Qin to create a cavalry and defeat other states during the Period of the Warring States • Saddles and Stirrups

  39. OK BIG PICTURE • Test Prep

More Related