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Detectors for Tomorrow and After Tomorrow …

Amos Breskin Radiation Detection Physics Group Weizmann Institute. Detectors for Tomorrow and After Tomorrow …. photomultiplier. Gas. E. e. Liquid. Xe. photomultiplier. WIMP. Zn characteristic X-ray. Prostate. Tumor. X-ray beam. Zn . Rectal wall. X-ray detector .

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Detectors for Tomorrow and After Tomorrow …

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  1. Amos Breskin Radiation Detection Physics Group Weizmann Institute Detectors for Tomorrow and After Tomorrow… Amos Breskin

  2. photomultiplier Gas E e Liquid Xe photomultiplier WIMP Zn characteristic X-ray Prostate Tumor X-ray beam Zn Rectal wall X-ray detector Scientific activities Research topics:  Basic detection-related phenomena: New detector concepts  Detector applications: HEP(LHC, ILC, RHIC); “Astro”(DM, SN); Homeland security… Noble-liquid detectors Optical-TPC MAIN INTEREST: GAS-AVALANCHE DETECTORS Gas photomultipliers Ionization patterns e- multipliers n-imaging Amos Breskin DNA damage Prostate cancer

  3. CERN-RD51 Amos Breskin

  4. Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) ~ 10-fold expanded GEM GOAL: simple detector with moderate (sub-mm) resolution A.B. et al. Weizmann THGEM 1e- in E 104-105e-s out Double-THGEM: 10-100 higher gains Thickness 0.5-1mm SIMPLE, ROBUST, LARGE-AREA Printed-circuit technology* Effective single-electron detection Few-ns time resolution Sub-mm position resolution >MHz/mm2 rate capability Cryogenic operation: OK Broad pressure range: 1mbar - few bar • * production: • CERN PCB workshop • Print Electronics, Israel Amos Breskin

  5. UV photon CsI photocathode e- Segmented readoutelectrode THGEM Double-THGEM photon-imaging detector RICH • Important FACTS for RICH: • Single-photon sensitivity • Simple, robust, compact, large area • Fast, good localization • Photon detection efficiency : • ~ 20% @ 170 nm • Lower discharge probability than • MWPC/CsI UV detector & faster • recovery Currently R&D for upgrade of CERN-COMPASS RICH S. Dalla Torre, INFN Trieste Amos Breskin

  6. Digital Hadron Calorimetry for ILC (If) ILC: Precision studies of new physics Hadron calorimetry requires 2-fold improved JET-energy resolution: present 60%/E  30%/E Digital calorimetry @ SiD: Sampling jets + advanced pattern recognition algorithms  Very high-precision jet energy measurement. CALICE simulations: σ/Ejet ~3-4% Fe Requires: thin, efficient, highly-segmented, compact, robustsampling elements.candidates: RPC, D-GEM, Micromegas, THGEM ~7mm Fe Amos Breskin With Andy White (UTA) + Coimbra & Aveiro

  7. Few-mm thin, THGEM-based sampling elements Ne/5%CH4 - High efficiency (>96%/98%) with minimal multiplicity (~1.1/1.2) for muons - Discharges: rare; do not affect electronics- Micro-discharges: do not affect performance - Total thickness (excluding electronics) : 5-6 mm. Underway: optimization studies & R&D on large-area detectors. A competitive robust technique Amos Breskin

  8. cryogenic gas-photomultipliers (GPM) fornoble-liquid scintillators - Generic R&D - Compton camera for medical imaging - UV detectors for DM search (XENON, DARWIN) - Combined fast-neutron & Gamma radiography Amos Breskin

  9. GPM: Dark Matter search Two-phase XENON1t Dark Matter Detector concept RD51: Weizmann/Nantes/Coimbra GPMDetector Ne/CF4 E. Aprile/XENON (incl. Weizmann) UV-window S2 Secondary scintillation EG e- Xe-gas ? LXe WIMP interaction EL Primary scintillation S1 Vacuum Photodetectors PMTs or QUPID LXe UV-window 1m GPMDetector S2/S1  background rejection XENON100Kg: running with PMTs! PROBLEM: exorbitant cost of future multi-ton detectors! Amos Breskin

  10. Great Challenge: Combinedg/n imaging detectors Detection of explosives & nuclear materials possibly thin capillaries filled with liquid xenon (LXe) • LXe SCINTILLATOR: • - High density (3 g/cm3) • - Fast (2ns) • - Good spectral match w • CsI-photocathode: • QE~30% @ 175nm • 3cm LXe: high efficiencies: • n: 15-25% • g: 30-40% 11B(d,n)12C 10m TOF: Gammas: ~30ns Fast-n: ~200-500ns  “Moderate” electronics Combined gamma & fast-neutron imaging detector. Gammas and neutrons interact with liquid-xenon; the resulting UV photons are detected with a double-THGEM, CsI-coated gaseous photomultiplier. Amos Breskin

  11. Cryo-GPM with LXe GPM: THGEM/PIM/Micromegas Duval 2011 JINST 6 P4007 GPM Gain 106 @ 170K 200 ns 200 ns FIRST Scintillation induced signals in LXeby 5.5MeV alphas GPM vs PMT@ 173K INTENSE R&D in a novel LXe Cryostat @ Weizmann Amos Breskin

  12. Weizmann Institute Liquid Xenon Facility (WILiX) TPC-GPM testing ground L Arazi, M Rappaport GPM guide, gas, cables Basic consideration: allow frequent modifications in GPM without breaking the LXe equilibrium state GPM load-lock Gate valve Xe liquefier Xe heat exchanger GPM TPC Inner chamber (LXe) Vacuum insulation Amos Breskin

  13. Towards single-phase TPCs • Simpler techniques? • Sufficient signals? • Lower thresholds? • Cheaper? • How to record best scintillation & ionization S1, S2? Amos Breskin

  14. Cascaded Liquid Hole-Multipliers LHM • Modest charge multiplication + Light-amplification in sensors immersed in the noble liquid, applied to the detection of both scintillation UV-photons (S1) and ionization electrons (S2). • UV-photons impinge on CsI-coated THGEM electrode; • extracted photoelectrons are trapped into the holes, where high fields induce electroluminescence (+possibly small charge gain); • resulting photons are further amplified by a cascade of CsI-coated THGEMs. • Similarly, drifting S2 electrons are focused into the hole and follow the same amplification path. • S1 and S2 signals are recorded optically by an immersed GPM or by charge collected on pads. Light or charge readout (GPM or pads) E CsI E E TPC Anode S2Ionization electrons S1 photon Liquid xenon • Holes: • Small- or no charge-gain • Electroluminescence (optical gain) Amos Breskin

  15. S1 & S2 with LHM Liquid xenon Detects S1&S2 Detects S1&S2 A dual-sided single-phase TPC DM detector with top, bottom and side THGEM-LHMs. The prompt S1 scintillation signals are detected with all LHMs. The S2 signals are recorded with bottom and top LHMs. • Highlights: • Higher S1 signals  lower expected detection threshold • Shorter drift lengths lower HV applied & lower e- losses Amos Breskin

  16. CSCADED LHMs L LHM LHM E C LHM C LHM S1, S2 LHM C S1 C Liquid xenon LOW HV for large-volume Relaxed electron lifetime Need: low radioactivity and pad-readout Amos Breskin

  17. SUMMARY • Advances in Detector Physics • Main trend: THGEM R&D, production and applications • RT: RICH & DHCAL • CRYO: UV photons & charge detection in noble liquids • for: DM, Medical, Inspection Amos Breskin

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