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Respiratory System

Respiratory System . Includes: mouth, trachea, lungs Function: allows you to breathe and spread oxygen through your body removes carbon dioxide from the body. oxygen. carbon dioxide. Trachea. Also known as the ‘windpipe’ Takes air from the mouth to the lungs

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Includes: mouth, trachea, lungs • Function: • allows you to breathe and spread oxygen through your body • removes carbon dioxide from the body oxygen carbon dioxide

  3. Trachea • Also known as the ‘windpipe’ • Takes air from the mouth to the lungs • Held open by rings of cartilage • Epiglottis- covers opening of trachea when you swallow

  4. Larynx • Voice box • Vocal cords vibrate as air passes through them

  5. Bronchi • The trachea branches into two tubes called ‘bronchi’ • Carry air into the left and right lungs

  6. Cilia • Tiny hairs that trap bacteria and particles of dirt before they enter the lungs • Sweep mucous upwards in trachea and lungs

  7. Lungs • Site of oxygen exchange • Breathing is possible because of our diaphragm and muscles around our ribs • Diaphragm • A large sheet of muscle underneath the lungs

  8. Breathing • Diaphragm contracts and moves down • Air is pulled into the lungs • You breathe in (inhale) • Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards • Air is pushed out of the lungs • You breathe out (exhale)

  9. What’s air made of? • Air is a mixture of gases • Air is made up of 21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide (CO2) • Lungs absorb oxygen from the air • Carbon Dioxide goes from the blood back into the lungs and gets breathed out

  10. Air to blood? • Bronchi end in tiny air sacs called alveoli

  11. Alveoli • Surrounded by a network of capillaries • Oxygen alveoli to blood • Carbon dioxide (waste) blood to alveoli

  12. Control of Breathing • Breathing is controlled by brain automatically! • Although we can choose to hold our breath, sensors in the brain cause the body to resume involuntary breathing after a short time

  13. Control of Breathing • When you hold your breath, CO2 builds up in your blood • Sensors in your circulatory system detect this increase and send a signal to the brain • The brain then sends a message to the diaphragm to contract (and you take a breath!) • Now oxygen can come in and CO2 can leave

  14. Respiratory Diseases • COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) • Reduce the flow of air in and out of the lungs • Make breathing difficult and often get worse over time • Made worse by air pollution

  15. Respiratory Diseases • Three main types:1. Asthma2. Emphysema3. Chronic Bronchitis

  16. Asthma • Involves airway swelling and mucus production • How does this make breathing harder? • People usually have periods of wellness between episodes

  17. Emphysema • The alveoli collapse and the walls between them are destroyed • The surface area that the oxygen diffuses through is smaller and less oxygen can be pulled into the blood • Worsens over time

  18. Chronic Bronchitis • Tissues lining the airway become swollen & the windpipe is narrowed • Causes coughing and breathlessness • Less oxygen reaches the body’s cells • Worsens over time

  19. Causes of Respiratory Disease • Your body needs to breath clean air! • Smoking and being exposed to second hand smoke increases your risk • Exposure to fumes and pollution also increases your risk

  20. Lung Capacity • Many factors can influence lung capacity • In general, the volume of a normal breath and your max lung capacity can be used as an indicator of health

  21. Homework Explain the path that an oxygen molecule would take from the time it is inhaled to the time that it is exhaled (including the path it takes through the heart and body).

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