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LEARNING

LEARNING. Essential Question. How does biology and society impact learning?. Terms, concepts, and theorist. Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Latent Learning Abstract Learning Insight Learning. Ivan Pavlov Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):

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LEARNING

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  1. LEARNING

  2. Essential Question • How does biology and society impact learning?

  3. Terms, concepts, and theorist • Learning • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Observational Learning • Latent Learning • Abstract Learning • Insight Learning • Ivan Pavlov • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): • Unconditioned Response (UCR) • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) • Conditioned Response (CR):

  4. How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning • Learning that certain events occur together. Learningis arelatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison to the genetically-programmed behaviors of Chinooks, for example.

  5. Three Main Types of Learning Classical Conditioning Observational Learning Operant Conditioning Latent Learning Abstract Learning Insight Learning

  6. Classical Conditioning Ideas of classical conditioning originated with the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. His work provided a basis for later behaviorists like John Watson.

  7. Group • At your table define what classical conditioning is.

  8. Classical Conditioning, Explained • The most important thing to remember is that classical conditioning involves automatic or reflexive physical responses, and not voluntary behavior (that’s operant conditioning)

  9. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response. Unconditioned Response (UCR): the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the UCS.

  10. Conditioned Stimulus (CS): an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with the UCS, comes to trigger a response. Conditioned Response (CR): the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

  11. What are some examples of Classical Conditioning in your life?

  12. Create a group example • Your example must have all the parts • UCS • UCR • CS • CR

  13. The Dog Whisperer Identify the UCS, UC, CS, CR Cesar uses to classically condition dogs?

  14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJW201-QS4c

  15. Pavlov spent the rest of his life outlining his ideas. He came up with 5 critical terms that together make up classical conditioning. • Acquisition • Generalization • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Discrimination

  16. Acquisition • The initial stage of learning. • The phase where the neutral stimulus is associated with the UCS so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit the CR (thus becoming the CS). Does timing matter? • The CS should come before the UCS • They should be very close together in timing.

  17. Generalization • The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit similar responses. • Watson’s experiment with “Little Albert”- you could associate the same response to a similar stimuli. • In “little Albert’s” case his fear (UCR) of rats based on loud noises (UCS) by Watson.

  18. Extinction • The diminishing of a conditioned response. • Will eventually happen when the UCS does not follow the CS. Is extinction permanent?

  19. Spontaneous Recovery • The reappearance. After a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response. • The previously “lost” or “forgotten” response is recovered without doing anything.

  20. Discrimination • The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that does not signal UCR.

  21. Mind and body

  22. Operant & Classical Conditioning • Classical conditioning involves automatic or reflexive physical responses Operant conditioning, on the other hand is a voluntary response • Operant conditioning involves operant behavior, a behavior that operates on the environment, producing rewards or punishment. • Consequences lead to changes in voluntary behavior

  23. Types of Reinforcement- Reinforcement:Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.

  24. Punishment-An aversive event that decreases the behavior it follows.

  25. Boot Camp-Video Questions • What types of Classical and Operant conditioning did you witness through out the video? • What do you think the Marines are trying to accomplish/teach through this type of process?

  26. Marine link • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6Ly1F59wxQ

  27. Marine Boot Camp and Classical and Operant conditioning Footage

  28. Paying for Grades: questions • Do you believe that paying students for good grades is a positive or negative reinforcement? How so and what are the long term behavioral changes ? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkVcO8M4QVc

  29. 3 top reasons students should be rewarded for good performance in class and on test, this includes state testing. • 3 top reasons students should not be rewarded for their performance in class and on tests this includes state testing.

  30. Three Strikes Law • Do strict rules and laws reinforce acceptable behavior? In the case of the 3 strike law, what were the negative or positive consequences? • Copy and paste the following link into the “google machine” and answer the question above. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_hTTiT0ATA

  31. Psychology Today Article • What are the consequences of over praising children? What maybe some of the unforeseen ramifications?

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