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Conception and Prenatal Development. What do you already know about conception? Let’s discuss before you begin worksheet!. Anatomy. Female sex cell called __________. Male sex cell called __________. Ovum is released by the ___________. Ovum travels down the ______________ tube.
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Conception and Prenatal Development What do you already know about conception? Let’s discuss before you begin worksheet!
Anatomy • Female sex cell called __________. • Male sex cell called __________. • Ovum is released by the ___________. • Ovum travels down the ______________ tube. • Sperm travels through the vagina, cervix, up the ___________ to the ___________ where it could ____________ the ovum.
Reproductive Systems • Male reproductive system • Female Reproductive System
Movie time… • Process of Conception
Conception • When the ovum (egg) and sperm unite in the fallopian tube; pregnancy begins. • Fertilization can take place only 2-3 days after the ovum is released into the fallopian tube. • Sperm can live for up to seven days. • Only about 10 days a month can a woman can become pregnant.
Contraception • A method used to avoid pregnancy • Abstinence • Permanent • Chemical/hormonal methods • Barrier methods • Rhythm method • Most do not protect against STD/STI
Other forms of fertilization(for Infertility) • Artificial insemination • Sperm are injected with a special needle into the uterus. May be from donor or natural father. • In Vitro fertilization • Fertilization occurs outside of uterus and zygote are implanted in uterus. • Ovum transfer – egg taken from donor • Surrogate mother • Become pregnant for another couple
Three stages of baby’s development • Zygote/Germinal • Embryonic • Fetal
Zygote/Germinal Stage • Lasts about two weeks, when cells duplicate and form into a mass of cells. • Zygote travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus. The uterine lining thickens to receive the zygote. • After two weeks the zygote is the size of a pinhead.
Embryo Stage • 3rd – 8th week of development • Mass of cells develops into all the major systems of the human body. • All organs are present, but not functioning. • Brain begins to take control of organs. • Drugs, alcohol are dangerous. • Sac w/ amniotic fluid begins to surround embryo for protection. http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-1-to-9_10302602.bc
Embryonic Period • Placenta (tissue in the uterus that is rich in blood cells) develops. • Umbilical cord between baby and mother carries food and oxygen to baby from mother’s blood stream, and takes away waste products.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Baby has smaller head and size for gestational age; thin arms & legs. • Flat mid-face and nose bridge; ear and hand anomalies; skin folds on corners of eyes. • Thin lips; small lower jaw. • Non-visible injuries: • Central nervous system problems. • Learning disabilities • Emotional and behavioral disorders; hyperactivity • Reduced cognitive ability
video • http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/adoptive-parents-give-child-awat-fasd-11734589&tab=9482930§ion=1206852&playlist=11128107 • Video of parents who had to give away daughter.
Alcohol statistics • Among pregnant women, 1 in 10 drink alcohol. • Among pregnant women, 1 in 25 binge drink. • More than 1 in 5 women drink in first trimester. • About 1 in 100 babies are born effected by alcohol exposure. About 1 in 1000 have FAS. • Lifetime expense of baby with FAS is approx. $2m • After birth, can still be affected through breast feeding.*
How drugs affect the Unborn • Three ways: • Direct injury – leading to birth defects or death • Constriction of blood vessels in the placenta, reduces oxygen supply & nutrients to fetus, resulting in low birth weight and/or premature birth. • Forceful premature contractions of uterine muscles, reducing blood supply. May trigger premature birth or preterm labor.
Life time effects • Up to 2 years: • Feeding, Cerebral Palsy, irritability, poor weight gain, tremors, vision problems… • Toddler to preschool: • Social interaction, delayed language develop., processing information, hyperactivity… • Early school – Teenage years: • Behavioral problems, learning disabilities, neglect and abuse.
Drug Exposure • More than 90% of pregnant women take or use some type of drug. • Between 550,000 – 750,000 infants have been exposed to drugs. • 2 – 3 % of birth defects are a result of prenatal drug exposure. • No drug should be used without Dr. supervision.
Fetal Stage • 8th week – birth • “Flutter” about 4th-5th month – feeling of first kick. • “Quickening” when kicks become more frequent and stronger. • 7th month baby can live outside of womb but will need medical care.
Fetal Stage • 8th -9th month • Organs begin to be ready to function • Moves into head down position • Amniotic fluid decreases • Weight gain continues • Fetus gains fat cells to protect it and keep it warm; Baby’s skin becomes smoother as it fills in.
Preparing for birth • “Lightening” when baby’s weight shifts down into position. Days to weeks before labor begins. • Should be head down. • Child will be born 37-42 weeks after conception.
Chromosomes • Chromosomes contains genetic materials that determine who you are hereditarily • 46 total – 23 from egg/ 23 from sperm • Dominant genes – stronger gene; characteristics are prominent • Recessive genes – weaker gene; characteristic is “carried” but may not be seen. • Sex chromosomes – XX is girl/XY is boy
Birth Defects • Hereditary or environmental causes • Physical or mental • May spontaneously abort – miscarriage • May have still birth – death of developing baby after 20 weeks • Genetic counseling and prenatal testing to have knowledge of defect and how to live with it.
