Global Tourism Development

1. Global Tourism Development Achievement standard 3.7 Introductory information

2. Prior Knowledge: • What do you know about Global Tourism? • France most visited place in world • Economic breakdown/recession has impacted Global Tourism, it has slowed • Europeans, Asians and Americans are the main tourists • The Pacific is one of the fastest growing areas, great resorts, climate and price

3. Statistics and Data France is the MOST POPULAR destination in the world. Why? 1950 = 25 million international arrivals 2005 = 806 million ALL areas in the world have experienced growth, the most dramatic is has been in Asia and the Pacific, followed by the Middle East.

4. What hemisphere do you think most people like to go to? Why? • Europe and the America’s share 76% of the global market share • In 1950 they shared 95%

5. Patterns • In 2001 there was a small decrease (0.5%) in the number of international tourist arrivals, why? • In 2002 the number increased by 2.7%. • Cheap airline flights in North America and Europe have kept growth high. ‘Do it yourself’ booking and planning has become more popular with the internet.

6. Tourism and the World Economy • 6% of worldwide exports of goods and services is from international receipts • Tourism demand depends strongly on economic conditions in generating markets. • A generating market is the place tourists come from.

7. Income and Tourism • When economies grow (ours isn’t at the moment!), levels of income grow and a large amount of disposable incomes is spent on tourism. • In other words, if you have spare cash, or can save money, you often spend it on a holiday.

8. GDP • Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI), a basic measure of a country's economic performance, is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a nation in a year.

9. GDP and Tourism • When growth in country (GDP) exceeds 4%, the growth of tourism volume tends to be higher. When it falls, so does tourism growth.

10. Tourism 2020 Vision • This is a WTO’s (World Trade Organisation) long term vision, forecast and assessment of the first 20 years of this millennium. • They predict patches of fast growth and ones of slow, the outcome being growth, but at a slower rate.

11. Psychocentric and Allocentric • ‘P’sychocentric and ‘A’llocentric create differing patterns of concentration and dispersal. • ‘P’ enjoy tourist destinations that are familiar and have “western ammenities” • ‘A’ tourist are more adventurous and avoid mass areas like Disneyland

12. Predictions in Tourism • By 2020, the top 3 regions will be Europe, followed by East Asia, then the Pacific. • Long haul travel worldwide will grow faster. Why? • Overall, growth is predicted to continue

13. What has caused this GROWTH? • Living standards have improved worldwide • Literacy rates have improved • Increase in personal incomes • Ageing population • Increased Leisure time • Can travel further, and faster

14. More GROWTH? • Competitive industry, better prices and choice, eg, Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, Cooks? • Rise in eco-tourism • Greater interest in cultures • ALL OF THESE ARE PROCESSES

15. Significance of Global Tourism Development for People • In 2003, Tourism accounted for 7.6% of world’s total employment (indirect) • And a total of 10.2% of the world’s total GDP • However, there are always positives and negatives of Tourism

16. Benefits/Positive Effects • Revenue (money) for individuals and Governments • Employment • Local jobs, Local goods • Preservation of important sites • Beautification • Rise in property value

17. Costs/Negative Effects • Over reliance on the Tourist dollar • Seasonal employment • Mass produced souvenirs, tokenism • Cultures are diluted • Crime, drugs, prostitution (Thailand) • Enclaves of tourism, or pockets of wealth or services that ‘only tourists can use’

18. Summary Slides • Key ideas: • Patterns, Processes and Effects

19. What Patterns are seen in Global Tourism? • All areas have experienced growth • Northern hemisphere continues to be strong • Tourist numbers have grown • Tourists like travelling to familiar, close to home places • Asia and Pacific has largest growth • Countries with most cash (wealthy), do the most travelling

20. Future patterns • Africa will become more popular due to better long haul flights • Middle East (ie Dubai) continue to be popular • Europe and Americas will loose some of their popularity but remain as the top 2 destinations

21. Dubai = Growth

22. Amazing This places has the highest builders per capita. Dubai has literally designed and built its own environment

23. What Processes are involved in Global Tourism? • Development (increased affluence) • Increased awareness (internet, TV) • Better transportation (long haul flights better and cheaper) • Increasing range of tourism (eco, adventure, cultural, spa, learning) • Better services (safety, food, accomm, infrastructure • Competition and Marketing (NZTB and ‘The Bachelor’

24. NZTB and ‘The Bachelor’ = clever promotion/marketing!!

25. What are the key effects? • Changes at all levels; socio-cultural, economic, environmental • Pollution • Cultural resurgence • Jobs and Economic Development • Beautification • Tokenism

26. Quote: Break it up into 3 parts. What does it mean if you had to discuss it? • “Global tourism Growth and Development has significant impacts on people and places: socio-culturally, economically and environmentally. This effect can be positive or negative, as well as direct and indirect. The impacts can be on people and places, both tourism source and destination.”