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Down in Egypt

Down in Egypt. Middle Kingdom 2025-1630 BCE Hyksos ca. 1600s BCE Semitic tribes Resurrection cults - Osiris / Isis - Ma’at. Old Kingdom 2700-2200 BCE. Old Pharaoh Maat ( ma’at ) - optimism / eternity 2. Bureaucracy. 3. Life and death

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Down in Egypt

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  1. Down in Egypt Middle Kingdom 2025-1630 BCE Hyksos ca. 1600s BCE Semitic tribes Resurrection cults- Osiris / Isis- Ma’at

  2. Old Kingdom 2700-2200 BCE • Old PharaohMaat(ma’at) - optimism / eternity 2. Bureaucracy

  3. 3. Life and death - Nation-building “out of many, one”- orderly universeDjoser / Imhotep 2650 BCE

  4. Land of the Nile • Ecological stability • Semi-isolation • Early Dynasties3100-2700 BCEgod-kingsless innovative

  5. Imperial Egypt 1550-1075 • Beyond the Nile- Hittites- Phoenicians- Hebrews- Assyrians- Greeks Thutmose I 1504-1492 BCE New Kingdom

  6. 3. Limits to power - Amenhotep IV / Nefertiti (ca. 1350s BCE) - Aten Cult “Sky god”? King Tutcultural lethargy

  7. Battle of Qadesh1274 BCE

  8. The Ancient Hebrews History & the Evolution of Western Ethics

  9. A. God of Abraham • History, not nature- not of this world - God is “free will”, historical - progress, not cycles - our choices matter * Not bound by fixed laws – “free will manifests itself”

  10. B. Grand Design • “History” – narrative revealing God- meaning, purpose • Chosen people- “pre-Hebrew” timeGarden, snake, Ark, Flood, Tower - Sumerian, Babylonian- Abraham

  11. II. Myth, Faith and History

  12. A. Nomads • Trade or raid- Aramaeans, Semitic language “Ur of the Chaldeans” Curse of Cain

  13. Patriarchs- Abraham Isaac, Jacob, Joseph (ca. 2000 BCE) Apiru / Habiru [Hebrews] “dwell in tents”

  14. B. The Exodus • Mosesca. 1200s/1300s BCE- Semitic clans • Finding God- Yahweh (Midianites)- Abrahamic tradition and god (El) 10 Commandments

  15. 3. Ethical Monotheism- “thou shalt not…” - ethical monotheism - internal morality Personal god; free will; “right thinking”

  16. C. Davidic Kingdom • Holy War- Canaanites- Phoenicians- Philistines

  17. Judges- Shiloh / Ark of the Covenant • “A king like all the nations” - Saul, David, Solomon (ca. 1020-922)- tribe to monarchy

  18. III. “Axis Age”600s-500s BCE

  19. A. The Babylonian Exile 1. Sins of a nation- Tyranny- Division- 721 BCE Assyria “Lost Tribes” of Israel - 587 BCE Chaldeans “New Babylonians” Nebuchadnezzar II

  20. 2. Return- Cyrus the Great 539 BCE 3. Prophets and poets- Ezra, Nehemiah- Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel Reconcile justice w/ mercyRe-establish the CovenantSeparatism / Cultural identity

  21. C. Identity & Faith • Belief, not land- Tanakh = scriptures Torah = 1st 5 books- Observance of law (Pharisees) - Messiah complex

  22. D. Legacy • Obligation to transcendent, “higher” law- social “contract”- God is active in history / personal • Humanistic - free moral agents - “I matter” * Adds to Western humanistic tradition

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