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Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties

Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties. World History - Libertyville HS. Post Han China. Han Dynasty ended in 220 AD Jin Period (265-618 AD) Political fragmentation Three main forces fighting for dominance Northern kingdom Southern kingdom Nomads

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Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties

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  1. Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties World History - Libertyville HS

  2. Post Han China • Han Dynasty ended in 220 AD • Jin Period (265-618 AD) • Political fragmentation • Three main forces fighting for dominance • Northern kingdom • Southern kingdom • Nomads • Sui Dynasty unified China for 40 years but lost to Tang Dynasty

  3. T’ang Dynasty (618-907 AD) • Economic, cultural flowering of China • Buddhism established as state religion • Int’l trade routes maintained (traders in China) • Two main trade routes • Silk Road (Persians, Indians, Muslims – 639 AD) • Ocean Trade throughout E. Asian coastal areas incl. Korea, Japan (70+ countries!)

  4. T’ang Culture & Government • At height, T’ang China / allies / client states controlled from Caspian Sea to SE Asia • Ideal T’ang Man • Scholar, Poet, Painter, Statesman • Ideal person today? • Perfection of civil service • Hard tests based on Conf. • Career bureaucrats were commoners, not nobility (no ambition for Imperial throne)

  5. T’ang Government & Culture • Rice cultivation greatly expanded (pop to 100 million) • Roads, canals, irrigation built • Poetry, literature & arts flourished • Painting with strong Taoist influence • New Social Order

  6. T’ang Dynasty • Inventions of T’ang • Block printing (carve into block, stamp on paper) • Gunpowder (fireworks) • Mechanical clocks (wind, w/ gears) • Porcelain (hard white ceramic) Oldest dated block print from China, 868 AD

  7. Fall of the T’ang • Lost fights against Persian & Indian Muslims • After 816 AD, rebellions weakened state • High taxes sped the disintegration of the state • Ten Kingdoms Period (907-960 AD) • Political fragmentation • 10 kingdoms, 5 dynasties rule

  8. Song Dynasty (960-1279) • General finally took over, est. Song Dynasty • Empire smaller than T’ang, but stable • Early 1100s – invasion by Jurchens from N • Loss northern half of China • Jurchens est. own Empire, the Jin • Jin invaded by Genghis Khan

  9. Song Dynasty Accomplishments • Ten cities of one million + inhabitants • 1020s – paper money, making trade easier • 1040 – invented magnetic compass (navigation) • Algebra advancements • Refined gunpowder • Cannon • Primitive flamethrower Chinese flamethrower; 2 pistons shot out Stream of flaming oil / Gas combo

  10. Song Dynasty “Industrial Revolution” • By 1078, Song Dynasty producing 125,000 tons of iron, per year! • Equal to 1.5 kg per person • Compare to Europe, at same time: 0.5 kg / per person • Iron used to mass produce tools, esp. plows, hammers, etc Chinese blast furnace; Waterwheel driving furnace

  11. Fall of Song Dynasty • Long, bitter struggle against Mongols eventually ended with defeat of Song • Defeated by 1279 • Estimated 50 million Chinese killed during war – about 50% of population

  12. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) • Nobility Resurgence • Population of China back to 120 million by 1600 • Regained past prestige, power • Exploration: Zheng-He • Eunuch in service of emperor • Seven voyages in Treasure Ships • Purpose: expand trade, contact new peoples • Isolation and stagnation • New emperor cut off further exploration, trade • Closed borders, threw out foreigners cut off contact with rest of world Dimensions:350-400 feet long, 150 feet wide; weighed 14,000+ tons displacement Fleets had 62 ships, 27000 crew, incl. soldiers, merchants, etc Treasure Ship – compared to size of Columbus’ Santa Maria

  13. Fall of Ming Dynasty • Ming Dynasty conquered by Manchu • Manchu were nomads from the North • Manchu est. dynasty that lasted until 1912

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