Tools of the trade

1. Tools of the trade Pictures and Notes to be used in lab

2. Test tubes • Used as a container for small experiments with chemicals in any state of matter • Can be heated and capped with a rubber stopper

3. Test Tube Rack • test tube rack holds test tubes so that they do not break and their contents do not spill.

4. Test Tube Holder • A test tube holder is useful for holding a test tube which is too hot to handle.

5. Test Tube Brush • Used to clean test tubes after use

6. Watch Glass • A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction

7. Digital Scale • Used to obtain the mass of small objects to the nearest tenth or hundredth of a gram • Placing heavy objects or pushing down on the digital scales in this class will permanently damage them, so DO NOT DO IT

8. Spatula (scoopula) • A scoopula is used to transfer solids. It is often used to transfer solids from a container into a weighing vessel.

9. Weighing Paper (boat) • Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.

10. Erlenmeyer Flask • Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated. • The top of a flask can be capped by a rubber stopper

11. Buret (Eye Dropper) • A medicine dropper is used to transfer a small volume of liquid (less than one mL).

12. Magnetic Stirrer and stir bar • A magnetic stirrer is usually a separate feature of a hot plate. • A stirbar is used with a magnetic stirring plate to continuously stir solutions. • If the liquid should be stirred while it is being heated, the vessel should contain a magnetic stir bar

13. Pipette • A Mohr pipet measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids.

14. Pipette Bulb • A pipette bulb is used with a Mohr pipette to draw solution into the pipette.

15. Wash Bottle • A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle.

16. Filter Paper • The picture shows a piece of filter paper in a funnel. • A coarse grade of paper will allow the liquid to flow through the paper faster, but it may allow small solid particles to pass through. • A finer grade of paper will filter smaller solid particles, but it causes liquid to flow more slowly and its pores may easily become clogged.

17. Funnel • A funnel is used to aid in the transfer liquid from one vessel to another.

18. 600 ml Beaker • Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated. • 600 ml and 1000 ml are the most common large beaker sizes; used primarily as the container where chemicals are mixed and/or heated

19. Hot plate • Place the vessel containing the liquid to be heated on the plate. • Turn on the hotplate using the heating control knob. • The red light flashes to indicate the heat setting.

20. Boiling Stones • Beads made from glass or other non reactive material. • Highly resistant to attack by most cold liquids, hot liquids, and vapors that may interact with magnetic stirring rods • Beads are durable and will not disintegrate or affect delicate compounds like a glass stirring rod.

21. Stirring Rod • A glass rod is used to manually stir solutions. It can also be used to transfer a single drop of a solution.

22. 250 ml Beaker • Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated. • 250 ml and 100 ml are the most common small beaker sizes; used primarily as the container where chemicals are mixed or stored for later use

23. Clamps • Device that attaches object to a metal stand

24. Crucible • Used to hold chemicals. • The crucible is then place on a triangle with a bunsen burner put directly underneath. • Crucibles used for melting heated objects

25. Triangle • Device placed on top of o-ring. • Object to be heated placed on top of triangle (such as a crucible)

26. Tongs • Generic (pinch) • Device used to grab objects that might be dangerous to hold with hands • Pictures show a generic (pinch) tong, a crucible tong and a beaker tong • Be able to explain the reason each is shaped different . Beaker Tong

27. Beaker Tongs • Meant to firmly grip a beaker • Ends do not come together, therefore not able to clamp on to or pick up small objects

28. Thermometer • A thermometer is used to measure temperatures. It should always be stored in its plastic case to help prevent breakage. • The thermometers used in labs contain alcohol, not mercury

29. 100 ml Graduated Cylinder • A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.

30. 10 ml Graduated Cylinder • A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.

31. pH (litmus) Paper • Paper that is dipped into a solution to determine whether it is acidic or basic

32. Rubber or plastic tubing • Used to connect the gas outlet to the Bunsen burner • Used to drain fluids out of a container • Used to transport gas between 2 containers

33. Bunsen Burner • Methane (CH4) gas is fed into the burner through the gas inlet. • The gas control needle valve controls the rate at which methane enters the burner. • The rate at which air enters the burner is adjusted with the air control vent. • Methane and oxygen mix in the burner tube and, when ignited, produce a flame.

34. Striker • Strikers are used to start Bunsen burners. The striker itself is constructed with a rough surface positioned opposite to a piece of flint. • When the arm of the striker containing the flint is pushed back and forth over the rough surface sparks are produced. • These sparks when created in the presence of a flammable gas such as natural gas will start a fire or for our purposes a Bunsen burner.

35. Wire Gauze • Glassware should not be heated with a direct flame.  • Wire gauze, when placed between glassware and a heat source, diffuses the heat somewhat and is therefore safer than a direct flame. • Wire gauze works best when the glassware has a flat bottom (e.g., beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks) or partially flat bottom (e.g., Florence flasks).  

36. Ring Stand • Ring stands are used to hold glassware in place during an experimental procedure. • Clamps connect equipment to stand

37. 2-1000 g mass Used to: • measure the mass of an object • to provide a counterweight in an experiment • to act as an object in an experiment. • Come in many shapes and amounts

38. Distilled Water • Distilled water is made from steam that is cooled and collected. • It is supposed to be free of any salts (minerals). • You use these to rinse off glassware so there are no mineral spots. • It is also used where you want pure water.

39. Is Drinking Distilled water dangerous? Not really, but prolonged usage will leach vital minerals and vitamins from the body.