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Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases. Ch 3 Section 3.1. Describing States of Matter. Materials can be classified as solids, liquids or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite ( unchanging ) or variable ( changing ) Shape and volume are clues as to how particles are arranged.

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Solids, Liquids and Gases

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  1. Solids, Liquids and Gases Ch 3 Section 3.1

  2. Describing States of Matter • Materials can be classified as solids, liquids or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite (unchanging) or variable (changing) • Shape and volume are clues as to how particles are arranged

  3. Solids • Material has definite shape and volume • Almost all solids have some type of orderly arrangement on the atomic level

  4. Liquids • Material has definite volume, but not a definite shape • Liquids always take the shape of their containers

  5. Gases • Material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume • Gas takes the shape and volume of its container • Gases can be compressed or expanded

  6. Other states of matter • On Earth, almost all matter exists as a solid, liquid or gas; at extremely high temperatures plasma exists • Plasma – ionized gas (more in Ch 10) • BEC (Bose-Einstein condensate) – occurs at absolute zero (-273°C) • A group of atoms behaving a one single particle • Still not fully understood

  7. OTHER STATES OF MATTER

  8. Kinetic Theory • Kinetic energy – energy an object has due to motion • Kinetic theory of matter – all particles of matter are in constant motion

  9. Particles in a Solid A solid is made up of particles which vibrate around a fixed or central position Particles do not swap positions in a solid Particle of a solid A B

  10. Particles in a Liquid A liquid is made up of particles which move about and hit each other Particles can swap position in a liquid by moving past each other B A liquid particle A

  11. Particles in a gas A gas is made up of particles which move about much more quickly than in a liquid and often hit each other, they are in constant, random motion It is the particles colliding with the sides of a container which cause the pressure A gas particle A B

  12. Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape Solid Gas Liquid D ________ A_______ B ___________ C ________

  13. Copy on your notes and replace each letter with one of these phrases: Definite volume, Variable volume, Definite shape, Variable shape Gas Liquid Solid Variable Volume Definite Shape Variable Shape Definite Volume

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