COAST Trust Equity and Justice Working Group coastbd equitybd

1. Climate Change and Disaster Vulnerabilities in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh COAST Trust Equity and Justice Working Group www.coastbd.org www.equitybd.org

2. The Coast ofBangladesh Coastal area covers 32% of country’s total areas 35 million people/ 28% of country’s population live in the coastal areas 20% and 40% of World’s population lives within 30 kilometers and 100 kilometers of the coast respectively

3. Socio-Economic Status of Coastal People 54% Families are Functionally Landless High Annual Population Growth Rate, 1.29% in comparison to 0f national average By 2020 Population will be increased to 45 million from 35 million

4. Number of medium farm households reduced to 11% in 1996 from 31 % in 1960. Number of non-farm households increased from 19 percent in 1960 to 30 percent in 1996. Agri-based Livelihoods Medium farm households are loosing cultivable land and becoming small farm and then to non-farm households; The number of marginal and non farm households are increasing

5. Living standard, average life expectancy, access to education, health and other basic services, social security etc are not at expected level in comparison to national average. Risk in the Coastal Areas increasing trends climate related vulnerabilities and natural disasters are making people’s life more helpless.

6. Risk Factors in the Coastal Areas Typical geographical settings and low elevation from the mean sea level Influence of monsoon Open and extended coastal belt Strong tidal force, wind action, dynamic process of erosion and accretion, Gradual sloping of the continental shelf

7. Over exploitation of natural resources, Urbanization, population growth, Neo-liberal Economic Policies, Consumerism of rich nations, Profit maximization of the MNCs Disaster Risk: What’s Cause Behind Increasingly emission of GHGs Global warming & changes in climatic condition.

8. Disaster Risk: What’s Cause Behind Combustion of fossil fuel annually adding 5.7 X 109 tons of carbon. Deforestation annually adding 0.6 – 0.5 X 109 tons of Carbon Massive utilization of natural coal in China, annually could contribute upto 3 % of world’s Carbon emission. Increasing trend of cement production, 5 % annually, adding considerable Carbon in the atmosphere.

9. Global Warming and Changes in Climatic Condition

10. Global Warming and Endangered Bangladesh

11. Global Warmingand Endangered Bangladesh 15-17% land area will be Submerged by 100 cm Rise of Sea Level 20 m. People will Become Environmental Refugee Flooding Risks of Low Land will be Increased by 29% , 145 km Sandy Shoreline from CXB to Bodormokam Would be Inundated By 2030 about 58 thousand Hectare land would be Submerged

12. Global Warming:Endangered Bangladesh Worldwide Hydro-metrological Disaster e.g. Drought, Flood, Cyclone etc have increased than Geographical Disasters like Tsunami, Earthquake etc. Climate change is likely to increase such disasters in Bangladesh Bangladesh would be worst victim of incidence and intensity of Hydro-metrological Disasters

13. Global Warming:Endangered Bangladesh Bangladesh is particularly prone to Hydro-metrological Disasterwhich has been found increasing in the recent years In 2007 we faced prolong flooding, 13 depressions have been formed in the Bay including Cyclone SIDR that hit Bangladesh’s Coast Other climate related disasters; heavy rainfall, flood, drought, erosion, salinity, water logging , drinking water scarcity , loss of biodiversity etc are also increasing.

14. Endangered BangladeshCyclone 10 % of the world’s tropical cyclone develop in the Indian Ocean but cause 85 % of the world’s cyclonic havoc During 1980 to 2000, cyclone caused death of 2.5 m people worldwide, of which 60 percent were in Bangladesh. Philippines is at high risk to cyclone but cyclonic death in Bangladesh is 10 times than the Philippines.

15. Considering Factors

16. 45 deadly cyclone occurred during 1793- 1997, average frequency is 1 in every 4-5 years 700 cyclone occurred during 1891-1990, of which 62 in pre-monsoon and 192 in Post-monsoon season Frequency & Distribution of Cyclone

17. 11 Signals for Sea-port and 04 for River port During 1980s No Cyclone Center Constructed by the Government In 1991 We had 300 Cyclone Centers BUT Requirements were 5000 Special Weather Bulletin Announced in Fair Bangla Language---is difficult to follow by the local people Warning System & Disaster Preparedness

18. During 1996-2000; financial loss was Tk. 54843 m, affected area 567900 acre and affected people were 12 m Coastal Erosion

19. Coastal Erosion 30868 m3 tidal water flows upward through the channels These channels carry down upstream fresh waters from 38,896 m2 coastal and midland areas of Bangladesh. Annually 6 m. cusecs water along with 2179 m. MT sediments flows downward through the estuaries The pressure of the downwards flows, strong tidal circulation results unprecedented erosion

20. Embankments designed to dissipate the energy of waves…… IT only can give residents a false sense of security ErosionProtection: Few Observations Construction During Erosion Use of Inadequate Number and Size of Boulders and Sand Bags Lack of Monitoring and regular maintenance

21. Salinity Intrusion Sea level rise will cause salinity intrusion through rivers and estuaries In the rainy season saline water ingress to 10 % of country’s area, in the dry season it reaches to 40 %area even

22. Salinity Intrusion Figure shows that 0.5 meter sea level rise will cause saline water intrusion in many fresh water areas

23. Salinity Intrusion IMAPCT 10% more land (relative to 1990) will be saline-affected and will rise 10% annually Decreases availability/productivity of agricultural land Increased food insecurity Loss of biodiversity, e.g. decrease in tree species and freshwater fish; Serious scarcity of safe drinking water; CAUSES Global warming and expansion/ rising of SL Withdrawal of fresh water flows at Farakka barrage. Expansion of Shrimp Farm Frequency and intensity of tidal surges Low relative elevation from the mean sea level.

24. Endangered Economy Bangladesh will require USD 1 billion to face the impact of sea level rise, USD 13 billion to rehabilitate 13 million ousted coastal population, and USD 12 million to safeguard coast. BUT the cost of production loss, 28 to 57 percent, from the present level by 1 meter sea level rise would never be repairable. 1970 cyclone caused death of 1.2 m people and USD 86.4 m. financial loss 1991 Cyclone caused death of 138, 000 people and USD 1780 m financial loss Cyclone SIDR in 2007 caused death of 3199 (?) Affected families 6.8 m, Financial Loss estimated USD 3 billion

25. DisasterGlobal Scenario The last decade could be identified as disaster decade. In 2004, Indian Ocean Tsunami caused death of 280,000 people Devastating floods/ cyclones in China, India, USA & Europe caused huge loss of life and properties 240,000 people in Nizare affected with famine and people in Malawi facing drought and famine The devastating affect of Hurricane, Katrina and Rita etc. in the USA

26. DisasterGlobal Scenario In 2004 worldwide disaster caused economic loss of $ 123 billion most of which were in the poor countries World Bank report says, $ 7.5 billion will be needed to overcome Indian Ocean Tsunami loss $ 5 billion will be needed to recover the earthquake loss in Kashmir, Pakistan. EC-HAD reported that the poor countries are facing at least 3% expected GDP loss annually.

27. What’s needed !Land Reclamation

28. Mangrove can reduce strength of Typhoon and Tsunami by 30-40 percent What’s needed !Mangrove Forestation Sea level (0m) 10m >20m

29. Measures Needs to Take Local Level…… Training, Skill Development through local government. Special whether bulletin in local and easy language Maintenance to cyclone center and coastal embankment More discussion, consultation on Climate Change Launching community radio Emergency fund at the local government especially for pre-disaster preparedness

30. Measures Needs to Take Rural Centric Development More budget allocation for capacity building, disaster preparedness and rehabilitation Saving mangrove forest Salinity tolerant rice/ crop seed development Reducing population growth Defend rights of ethnic, and marginalized Professional group like coastal fishers Resist GMO hybrid and more Input based cropping practices

31. Measures Needs to Take Stop corporatization in agriculture and develop community based seed preservation practices to support post disaster agriculture Develop alternative livelihoods options, develop appropriate adaptive technology but not undermining ITK Besides PRS, long term development/financial planning for Sustainable DRR Besides, cyclone shelter construction support coastal people to build strong houses those could even be served as shelter

32. Measures Needs to Take Alliance formation of the countries that are at risk of global warming and associated disasters and make pressure and lobby with the developed counties for loss compensation Partnership with the developed counties for appropriate adaptive technology innovation and transfer the poor countries Effective Participation in World Carbon Trading

33. UN-COP 13 OUR POSITION Industrialized countries should act urgently to mitigate GHG emission; halving of global emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 level. We discourage carbon trading; we demand mitigation The temperature rise would continue to next 50 years even at present level of Carbon concentration. So countries at climate risk should be supported with appropriate adaptive technologies. Sea level rise will cause huge environmental refugee who should have right of migration to other countries.

34. UN-COP 13 OUR POSITION Developing countries should be supported with massive new CDM technology Growing industrialized countries should join Kyoto system and adopt binding emission limitation targets from the next phase (post Kyoto commitment) Poor countries should be supported with reliable financing mechanism to implement NAPA ( National Adaptation Programme of Action)

35. CARE CLIMATE CANCEL DEBT of THE LDCs Thank You All www.equitybd.org