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ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology. Subphylum Crustacea. Antennae. http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/lobbiol.html. Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea. ~ 42,000 species Major trophic link between primary producers (phytoplankton) and higher level consumers Mostly aquatic Three part brain

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ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

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  1. ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology Subphylum Crustacea

  2. Antennae http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/lobbiol.html Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea • ~ 42,000 species • Major trophic link between primary producers (phytoplankton) and higher level consumers • Mostly aquatic • Three part brain • Two pair of antennae • Tactile • Chemosensory • Many legs • Mostly separate sexes

  3. Subphylum Crustacea Shrimps and shrimp-like animals

  4. Subphylum Crustacea Lobsters and crawfish

  5. Crabs Subphylum Crustacea

  6. Nauplius larvae http://meso.spawar.navy.mil/Newsltr/Images/fairyshrimp.jpg http://www.gslyc.org/images/FAQ/ARTEM2.jpg Brine Shrimp http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Images/nauplius.jpg Fairy shrimp Class Branchiopoda Order Anostraca • Can tolerate desiccation and high salinity • 15-30 mm in length • Elongate shrimp-like bodies without a carapace • Have stalked compound eyes • Most are suspension feeders • Swim ventral side up • Use their thoracic appendages for capturing food particles • Food is passed to a central groove, encased in mucus and moved forward to mouth. • Gonochoric • Nauplius larvae

  7. Order Notostraca Triops (tadpole shrimp) http://www.museumonline.at/2000/bratislava/aqua/AquaSlowakisch/TriopsSite/Triops.JPG Class BranchiopodaOrder Notostraca • Tadpole shrimps • None occur in oceans • Feed on organic matter in sediments; some are predators or scavengers • Characteristic broad shield-like carapace and long caudal rami • Triops considered a major pest in rice fields

  8. http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/D_pulex_09.jpghttp://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/D_pulex_09.jpg http://homepage.univie.ac.at/erich.eder/UZK/bilder/et1.jpg Conchostraca Clam shrimp Cladocera Daphnia (water flea) Class BranchiopodaOrder Diplostraca • Clam shrimps and cladocerans • Mostly freshwater • Scavengers, predators, detritivores, and suspension feeders • Well developed clam-like carapace • All have a dorsal organ that could function as: • Salt gland • Neck Gland • Adhesion • Swim with their powerful second antenna

  9. Normal conditions • Females make eggs that hatch without fertilization and become females (2N) • When environmentally stressed • Females produce eggs that hatch into haploid males. • Once the males become mature, the Cladocerans can reproduce sexually. Parthenogenesis in Cladocera Class BranchiopodaOrder Diplostraca • Sexes • Hermaphroditism • Gonochorism • Type of reproduction • Monosexual -Parthenogenesis • Bisexual reproduction - normal sexual reproduction • Eggs • Summer - thin-shelled • Winter - resting

  10. Population all females http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/D_pulex_09.jpg Egg Produces Female identical to adult Cladocera Daphnia (water flea) Cladoceran – reproductive strategies Stable conditions

  11. Population all females http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/D_pulex_09.jpg Mates with female Egg Produces new females but different genetically from adult Produces Female Swims to new area Produces Male Cladocera Daphnia (water flea) Cladoceran – reproductive strategies Unstable conditions

  12. * Usually • Head - 5 • Thorax - 8* • Abdomen - 6* • Telson - 1 http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/ lobster_dorsal_view.jpg http://mainegovmages.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_dorsal_view.jpg Antenna Pleopod Telson Mandible Maxilliped Subphylum CrustaceaClass Malacostraca • Number of segments • Appendages • Head - sensory and feeding • Thoracic - crawling or grasping • Abdominal(unique to this Class and Remipedia) - swimming and copulation

  13. Stalked compound eye naupliar eye http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~acnnnghm/BY255L/BY255LImages/Arthropoda/Squillaempusa-1.jpg Class MalacostracaOrder Stomatopoda • Mantis shrimps • Specialized predators • No cephalothorax • Head, thorax and abdomen • Two large stalked compound eyes and a third medial naupliar eye

  14. Specialized prehensile raptorial claws http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/stomatopodamm.html Class MalacostracaOrder Stomatopoda • Triramous antennae • Has abdominal gills like isopods • Enormous digestive cecum • Very well developed heart and hemal system

  15. http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Eistour/krill-d.html Feeding basket Class Malacostraca Order Euphausiacea • Krill • All pelagic • Major source of food for whales, squids and fishes • Thoracic gills external to carapace

  16. Carid Shrimp Note than third segment is NOT on top of segments 2 and 4 Carid Shrimp Palinura – note that the first three periopods are NOT chelate http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0726E/t0726e0o.gif Phyllosoma larve Thalassinidea – Ghost shrimp Penaeid Shrimp Astacidea - First three periopods chelate http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/efh/gom-efh/pazte.gif Stenopodidea Cleaner shrimp http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/images/caride-3.gif http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/images/crusties/other1/z0000249.jpg http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg http://www.fa.gov.tw/eng/illustrated/images/a64a.gif http://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/drivers/Phyllosoma.jpg Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Shrimp-like • IO Caridea (shrimp) • SO Dendrobranciata SF Penaeoidae (prawns) • IO Stenopodidea • Lobster-like • IO Astacidea (lobster) • IO Palinura (spiny and slippery lobster) • IO Thalassinidea (ghost shrimp)

  17. Brachyura Note that the fifth pleopod is easily visible Anomura – hermit crab Anomuran Porcelain crab zoea Anomura – note 5th pleopod is greatly reduced and not readily visible http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/kodiak/images/photo/crabak_herm.jpg http://www.blue-crab.net/zoea.gif http://www.njscuba.net/biology/sw_crabs.html http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v59n1/a09f5.gif • Crab-like • IO Brachyura (True crabs) • IO Anomura

  18. http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Feeding • 6 pair of feeding appendages • 1 pr Mandibles • 2 pr Maxillae • 3 pr Maxillipeds • Most predators and/or scavengers, some suspension feeders, some detritivores, some herbivores, some onmivores

  19. Up to 24 pair of gills http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg http://www.vims.edu/adv/ed/crab/guts20b.jpg Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Internal anatomy

  20. http://www.indigo.com/software/gphpcd/zoo73-76.html Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Sense organs • Legs • Antennae • 1st • Stalked compound eye

  21. http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Chromat.gif Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Chromatophores • Shrimps especially good at changing color

  22. Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Reproduction • Most separate sexes (gonochoric) • Sperm transfer – indirect (spermatophores) • Many have copulation • Bachyurans may block fertilization for up to a year following copulation

  23. Planktonic larvae of the spiny lobster Phyllosoma larvae http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Lobster • Life cycle

  24. http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/crabs/stock_enhance/fig4.gif Class MalacostracaOrder Decapoda • Crab • Life cycle

  25. http://entomology.tfrec.wsu.edu/pearent/images/misc/Crustacea/mysid.gifhttp://entomology.tfrec.wsu.edu/pearent/images/misc/Crustacea/mysid.gif Class Malacostraca Order Mysida • Mysid shrimps • Most 2-30 mm • Gnathophausia - 35 cm • Omnivorous suspension feeders • Well developed carapace and tail fan

  26. bioephemera.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/380353_028542ead3.jpgbioephemera.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/380353_028542ead3.jpg Class Malacostraca Order Isopoda • Isopods, pill bugs • ~10,000 sp • 0.5 – 50 cm • Virtually all habitats • Flattened dorso-ventrally

  27. Lives in a Salp Gammarid Amphipods Caprellid amphipod Hyperiidea amphipod Class Malacostraca Order Amphipoda • Amphipods • ~8000 sp. • 1mm-25 cm • In almost every habitat • Flattened laterally • Carapace absent • Gills thoracic

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