Ecology

1. Ecology

2. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of the interactions among organisms and their surroundings.

3. Biosphere • Made up of land, water, and air or atmosphere. • Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in the biosphere make up ecology.

4. Make a list of Biotic factors in an ecosystem and Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

5. Species • A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. • Example: frogs • Non-example: mules

6. Question? • Why isn’t a mule an example of a species?

7. Population • A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area. • Example: group of frogs

8. Community • A group of different populations that live together in a defined area. • Example: frogs, fish, and plants (in a pond)

9. Ecosystem • Collection of all organisms that live in a particular place, together with the non-living or physical environment. • Example: pond

10. Biome • A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. • Example: desert, tundra, rain forest.

11. How does it all work together?

12. What does BIO mean? LIFE!!! • biotic factors – any living thing that effects an organism. • abiotic factors – physical or nonliving things that shape on ecosystem. (weather, ph, soil)

13. Niche • The environment an organism lives in and how it uses that environment.

14. The MAIN source of energy for life on Earth!

15. Autotrophs • Auto – self • Troph – nutrition/energy • Organisms that make their own food for energy. • Examples: plants, some bacteria • 2 types: • Chemoautotroph – make own food using chemicals. • Photoautotroph – make own food using light. • Also called PRODUCERS

16. Heterotrophs • Hetero – different • Troph – nutrition/energy • Organisms that rely on other organisms for food or energy (eat other organisms) • Also called CONSUMERS • Examples are….

17. Carnivore • Organisms that eat only meat. • Example: fox

18. Herbivore • Organisms that eat only plants. • Example: grasshoppers

19. Omnivore • Organisms that eat both plants and animals. • Example: bird

20. Detritivore • Organisms that eat dead or decaying matter. • Example: vulture

21. Decomposer • Organisms that break down dead or decaying matter externally, then take it in. • Example: fungus

22. Food Chain carnivore Heterotroph/3rd level consumer Heterotroph/2nd level consumer omnivore herbivore Heterotroph/1st level consumer Autotroph/producer

23. Trophic Levels • Energy levels in a food chain or food web. • Each trophic level receive 10% of the previous trophic level’s energy. • 10 percent!!!!!

24. Food Chain 0.1% carnivore Heterotroph/3rd level consumer 1% Heterotroph/2nd level consumer omnivore Trophic levels 10% herbivore Heterotroph/1st level consumer 100% Autotroph/producer

25. Symbiotic Relationships • Symbiosis – any relationship between two organisms that live closely together. • 5 types……

26. Predation • An interaction where one organism hunts and kills another. • Predator – hunter • Prey – food • Example: lion hunting gazelle

27. Mutualism • A relationship where both organisms benefit. • Example: bees and flowers.

28. Commensalism • A relationship where one organism benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed. • Example: a bird and a tree

29. Parasitism • A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. • Example: flea & dog

30. Competition • A relationship where one organism competes with another for food, shelter, mate, etc.

31. Carbon Cycle

32. Water Cycle

33. Nitrogen Cycle

34. Carrying capacity

35. Food Chain

36. Food Web

37. Trophic Levels

38. BIOMESDetermined by climate(temperature and rainfall)

39. Desert

40. Tundra

41. Rainforest

42. Deciduous Forest

43. Coniferous Forest

44. Aquatic