Ecology

1. Ecology Relationships Project Completed by Carragh K

2. Biological Community • The populations of plants, animals, and microorganisms (therefore all organisms) living and interacting in a certain area at a given time. • E.g. A rainforest Canopy http://www.christiananswers.net/kids/animals6.jpg

3. Intra Specific Competition • Competition for resources in their habitat and environment, (such as nutrients, water etc) among members of the same species. • One example is two kauri trees close to each other will compete for light, rainfall and soil nutrients. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Two_Kauri_Trees.jpg

4. Intra specific Cooperation • When organisms work together to increase their chances of survival. • For example elephants, zebras, and giraffes group in a herd with others of their kind to protect each other and themselves. http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/giraffe.jpg

5. Inter-specific relationships -Interactions between organisms of different species-

6. Competition • Conflicting or overlapping needs for resources, between organisms which coexist in the same environment. • For example lions and cheetahs preying on gazelles. http://www.2goglobal.com/2GoChronicals/2%20Go%20Photos/Africa/Kenya/cheetah_4.jpg

7. Browsing/grazing • Feeding on another organism, but not to excess, therefore the organism fed on still lives. • Sheep grazing on grass. http://catskill-merino.com/images/gallery/w500/119922517076.15.17.74.jpg

8. Predation and scavenging • When a larger organism kills and eats a smaller organism. • E.g. Orca whales and fur seals http://images.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tuxxie.org/pics/predators-seal-crested.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tuxxie.org/predators/mammals.html&h=386&w=480&sz=35&hl=en&start=34&tbnid=MCVxwE-DItIttM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dorca%2Bwhale%2Battacking%2Bpenguin%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN • Organisms that feed on dead animals. These carnivores wait until their prey is dead. • One example is the vulture. http://www.natureclubsurat.org/images/vulture1.jpg

9. Commensalism • Relationship between two different species which is beneficial for one organism and of neutral impact to the other. • E.g. “Cattle egrets follow cattle to feed on the insects stirred up by the grazing cattle.”http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio303/interspecific.htm http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2006/07/26/cattle26706_wideweb__470x313,0.jpg

10. Mutualism (Symbiosis) • A relationship between two species where both of the species find the relationship beneficial. • E.g. Flowers and bees. http://i.pbase.com/o4/38/291438/1/66676368.R63RAV8T.Flowerandbee.jpg

11. Parasitism • Ectoparasites • A parasite that lives on the outside of a host. • Some examples are fleas, lice and ticks. http://www.micropest.com/photos/body-lice-louse.jpg • Endoparasites • Parasites that live and feed within the hosts body. • For example a pin worm lives inside an animals intestines. http://www.southtexascollege.edu/modeh/EUKARYOTES_files/image029.jpg

12. Saprophytism • An organism which feeds on dead or decaying organic plant/animal matter. • For example many fungi are saprophytes. http://dazed.org/npa/npj/200206/fungi%20pic1.jpg

13. Antibiosis • A biological interaction between two organisms which damages one or both of the organisms; or an organism and an substance produced by another. • E.g. Human beings and disease causing germs. http://hale.nrsd.net/images/hand_germs.jpg