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Efficient Conveyance System and Water Management

Efficient Conveyance System and Water Management. Dr. Ambrish Kumar, Principal Scientist(SWC Engg ). Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun. aktswc@yahoo.com ; Phone: 0135-2757210. Approach: End to End Solution.

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Efficient Conveyance System and Water Management

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  1. Efficient Conveyance System and Water Management Dr. Ambrish Kumar, Principal Scientist(SWC Engg). Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun aktswc@yahoo.com; Phone: 0135-2757210

  2. Approach: End to End Solution • Creation, repair, restoration & renovation of water sources Water Sources Strengthening Irrigation Supply Chain Distribution Network • Developing/Strengthening distribution network for brining water to farm Crop & Water Management & • Crop alignment, moisture conservation • Promoting efficient conveyance and field application devices • Encouraging community irrigation management Water Use Efficiency

  3. Options for Irrigation Kharif +Rabi seasons Kharif season

  4. Farm Pond + Field/Contour/Graded bunding • Water harvesting Techniques • Field bunding • Contour bunding • Graded bunding

  5. Conservation trenches and ridges Bunding-cum-trenches

  6. Conservation Bench Terrace • Design Requirements • Rainfall • Soil type and depth • Farmers’ interest • Design parameters • Contributing and recipient ratio(C/R) • Depth of impondment zone (d) • Crop sequence Field bund Outlet 20 cm Contributing area 1:1 1.5:1 Transition face, 1.5:1 Recipient 2-6% slope Shoulder bund Runoff channel • Design Specifications • C/R:: 3:1, 4:1 • D = 10, 15, 20 cm • Crop sequence

  7. Farm Pond with CBT/Bunding Dugout pond: 30 x 15 x 3 m (1125 cum); 17 ha-cm Masonry Tank: 30 x 15 x 2.5 m (1125 cum); 11 ha-cm

  8. Subsurface Water Harvesting Structure in Foot Hills Dimension - 21 x 8 x 2m; capacity -336 cum; irrigated area ~ 1ha

  9. WHS Catchment Channel Flow • Siltation • Seepage • Evaporation WH Structure • Runoff Recycling • Gravity Flow • Lift Flow Utilization

  10. Focus on PMKSY Water source rejuvenation Water Utilization

  11. Water losses and utilization efficiency under different components of Canal irrigation system (Agarwal and Khanna, 1983)

  12. Case study: Alternative solution Gravity fed Water Conveyance System using Pipeline • Himalayan Foothills: village cluster – Gadoria, Devthala, Pasauli, and Dungakhet. • Population: Socially backward- 82%; economically poor – 80%

  13. Drawbacks of conveyance system water course(channels) • Seepage from WC ranging from 12 to 35 % • Breaking the WC by the farmers near their fields High repair and maintenance cost due to frequent damage Normally Over size of Guhls are constructed Wastage of land under WC network

  14. Intervention: Gravity fed Water Conveyance System Least Irrigated area in Pasauli (11 %) but in Devthala, agriculture was entirely rain dependant. • Water conveyance • Water distribution • Water application

  15. Elevation of intake structure along left bank of the stream Plan of the intake structure of the water conveyance system

  16. Galvanized Iron(GI) pipeline Dia of pipe : 100mm Length: 2080 m Gravity head: 37.87 m Discharge: 10 LPS Designed for Gravity flow.

  17. Distribution System A masonry tank of size (7.4 x 5.5 x 1.8 m) and a capacity of 50,000 liters was constructed at an altitude of 709 m amsl and was fed with water conveying through the main GI pipe by gravity flow from the source.

  18. Blocks PW:16.28 ha; slope: 4.3% PE:5.5 ha; slope: 13% D: 4.5 ha; slope: 4.3 % To minimize the cost of the system, PVC pipes of 110 mm was laid out in the command area.

  19. On-farm Water Management • In all three blocks, one riser is provided at every 1.5 ha, this is termed as unit command area. • To enhance the application efficiency of irrigation, collapsible synthetic pipes are being used to irrigate individual fields of the unit command area are encouraged to use.

  20. To avoid the conflict: in one season, delivery of water follows the sequence from head to the tail riser and in next season delivery sequence gets reversed • To enhance the water use efficiency, Drip irrigation system has been equipped with three risers with objective to popularize the system

  21. Cost Effectiveness Initial Expenditure (Rs/Ha) one lakh In case of WC water conveyance system (as per norms of state): 1.5 lakh/ha Annual Repair & maintenance cost (Indicative) For pipeline: 1% For WC: 10 %

  22. Landuse change

  23. Developing water conveyance system in Tube well command area(UP) T/w equipping with PVC pipeline PVC pipeline in T/w command area Outlet with air vent Collapsible pipes

  24. Head wall against flood flow through culverts, bridges Water harvesting

  25. We know the importance when well dries THANKS

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