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Reinforced glass beams lecture for Verre 2006

Reinforced glass beams lecture for Verre 2006. Dr.ir. F.A. Veer. Glass in architecture. Glass has played an important role in architecture as the material that opens up a building to light. An important example are the great rose windows of the medieval cathedrals.

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Reinforced glass beams lecture for Verre 2006

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  1. Reinforced glass beamslecture for Verre 2006 Dr.ir. F.A. Veer

  2. Glass in architecture • Glass has played an important role in architecture as the material that opens up a building to light. • An important example are the great rose windows of the medieval cathedrals.

  3. Cathedral of Notre dame , Paris

  4. Glass in architecture • Although these windows are very dramatic they need extensive supporting masonry as they weaken the structure.

  5. Crystal palace, London , 1851 19th century greenhouse, Madrid, Spain

  6. Glass in architecture • Although glass appeared to take a leading role it was still only a material that separated the interior and exterior. • It was only some twenty years ago that glass started to be used in a limited structural role.

  7. Grand Serres of cite des sciences et de l’industrie at la Villette

  8. Glass in architecture • This marks a transition from non-structural to limited structural use of glass. • This also raised the important question: How far can we go in using glass as a structural material ?

  9. Glass as a structural material • It also raises the question of what loads we can put on glass in : • Tension • Bending • Compression Bending will be the focus of this presentation

  10. Monolithic annealed float glass Tempered float glass PVB laminated tempered float glass Sentry glass laminated tempered float glass Cast resin laminated tempered glass Polycarbonate laminated glass Carbon fibre reinforced glass Stainless steel reinforced glass Glass beams

  11. ING office, Budapest

  12. Glass museum, Kings Wingford, England, PVB laminated roof beams

  13. Apple store, New York , use of Sentry glass

  14. Wolfson building of the medical faculty of the university of Glasgow

  15. IHK building , Munich

  16. Carbon fibre reinforced glass roof beams for the loggia di vicari

  17. Stainless steel reinforced glass beam after testing TU Delft all glass paviljon 2004

  18. Failure behaviour stress Monolithic glass PVB laminated glass Reinforced glass PC laminated glass strain

  19. Stainless steel reinforcement • In 1995 the ZAPPI research program started. • Goals was to develop safe transparent components for a transparent building of 20×20×20 meters. • This means beams of large span, column’s etc. as well as the technology to put it together.

  20. 1997 Glass polycarbonate beam

  21. 2001

  22. 2002

  23. 2002

  24. Glass box section reinforced beam, 2003

  25. 2003 Glass T-section post-tensioned beam

  26. 2004

  27. Further improvement • Although the 2004 result showed large and safe beams can be made research is continuing in several directions. • This with the following aims :

  28. Further improvement • how to increase the ease of manufacture • what is the required volume of reinforcement • what is the optimum configuration for the reinforcement - what is the optimum configuration for the glass • What is the best adhesive for the reinforcement • What is the maximum length that can be attained

  29. Ease of manufacture

  30. Required volume of reinforcement thickness

  31. Reinforcement configuration

  32. Adhesive type Stainless steel reinforced glass bonded using GB 368 adhesive Stainless steel reinforced glass Bonded using araldite 2013 adhesive

  33. configuration for the glass

  34. configuration for the glass

  35. maximum length

  36. Conclusions The results so far show that reinforced glass beams : • can exceed the 6 meter length limitation imposed by the standard glass panel size • can have a build in structural safety mechanism which shows considerable deformation after initial cracking and thus cannot collapse spontaneously • can in theory be used as structural member of the main load bearing construction • have a length limit of about 20 m • can result in innovative architectural solutions

  37. Conclusions The main obstacles to introduction of reinforced glass beams are: • the lack of an adequate knowledge base on which to design the components • the problem in joining the glass components together • the lack of knowledge about these components at the architecture and engineering level • the lack of clearly applicable building codes for the regulatory body • the need for specialised staff and expertise for the contractor

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