Agenda: Analyze presentations Structure of research article

1. Agenda: Analyze presentationsStructure of research article • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results • Discussion • References Your presentation should follow this same structure

2. Learn from others’ experience • What they did well • What could be improved • Note: The backgrounds from the various slide shows didn’t transfer in :(

3. Problem • Considering the high amount of marital dissatisfaction and divorce rates in our culture, it is important to examine what goes into a person’s decision to marry.

4. What is the problem?Ethnocentrism • Affects everyone • Prevents communication • Hinders social interaction • Limits acceptance • Creates issues of dominance and power

5. Why is this study important? • Harmonious interactions between societies • No research on ethnocentrism in Hawaii • Past research limited to comparison of 2 populations

6. Our Problem Our Problem • There are 18,709 students enrolled at UH this year, and increase of 6.3% from last year. • Our campus only has 5400 spaces, but these spaces are used by students AND faculty & staff. • There are 18,709 students enrolled at UH this year, and increase of 6.3% from last year. • Our campus only has 5400 spaces, but these spaces are used by students AND faculty & staff.

7. Literature Review • An update on UH’s Long Range Development Plan done by Group ‘70 Lab, Inc. (1975) showed that the 1966 developers J.C. Warnecke & Asso. had planned a Phase III parking structure where the tennis courts, Wahine Softball Stadium, and practice fields now stand. • A study done by Geoffrey Rose (2001), Director of the Institute of Transportation Studies, for Monash University found that the college has a population of 20,000 students but only 7000 parking spaces, lots are at full capacity by 10:30 A.M.

8. More Literature Review • A study of 7 state universities done by the Eno Foundation for Transportation, Inc. and summarized by Edward Whitlock (1982) found that the peak time for all parking lot spaces to be utilized occurred around 10:00 A.M. • Glass and Hodgin (1977), both professors at North Carolina State University, summarized that student who commuted to school were less likely to participate in extracurricular activities (as compared to students who did not commute.)

9. Literature Review • Literature we reviewed examined the following: • Perceived readiness based on couple interactions, family of origin, personality, status, and support form significant others • Discrepancies between ideal and actual feelings about marriage • People today wait longer to get married

10. At the University of Hawaii Manoa, 89% of full-time students have a job (University of Hawaii Manoa) • 35% of these students worked 16-20 hours a week during their last two years of school (University of Hawaii Manoa)

11. 15% of UH’s graduating seniors from Spring 2002 said that job interference is one of the main reasons it took longer than four years to graduate (University of Hawaii Manoa) • Students who contribute financially to their education tend to put greater value on their education (Lazarony)

12. Literature Review • Clothing and Gender • Clothing serves main social purpose • Clothing plays a part in the actual selection of our friends and acquaintances • Gender is a key element to how people dress

13. Gender, clothing and spending behavior • Male college students has higher financial knowledge than female students • Items purchased most by college students was clothing • Single female students with higher income are more likely to purchase clothes with credit card • Women spend money on appearance items, while men spend money on leisure items

14. Research Questions and Hypotheses Question 1: In what ways are female UH students satisfied or dissatisfied with their body? Hypotheses 1: Majority of the female UH students are not satisfied with their current body.

15. Methods

16. Survey • Our Survey consisted of 16 questions: • 4 fill in the blanks • 2 Likert scales • 5 demographic questions • 5 applied questions

17. Reliability & Validity • Face validity • Reliability - Pilot test - Administer in an unbiased way - Survey by Kim and Breshnahan with reliability on variables between .83 to .91 (M=.96)

18. Methods • Non-experimental research design • Written survey • Reliability • Pilot study • Revised survey and got feedback • Some questions were similar to each other • Validity • Face validity

19. Sample • We surveyed 50 on-campus and 50 off-campus, University of Hawaii undergraduate students. • We surveyed 60 females, and 40 males ranging from 18-30 years of age. • UH student population is made up of 56% female, and 44% male. • Convenience sampling was done at various campus locations: Campus Center, Dorms, Student Services, and Library.

20. Participants • 65 participants, 35 males and 30 females • Ages range from 18-34 • Over 20 majors (18% FamR majors)

21. Sample: • We surveyed 160 UHM students. • 82 Males, 78 Females • We chose a convenience sample.

23. P-value < .82

24. Frequency of drinks per month

26. H2: College students spend between $20-$60 a month for their cell phone plan. percent Cost of monthly plan Mean= $48.35 Median= $40.00

27. H2: Supported

28. Are you planning to get another piercing? p < .022

29. Correlated Findings 1.People who believe the law is a step in the right direction are also in favor of the smoking ban. (Positive Relation) 2. A positive relation exists between the level of agreement with the band and the concern for secondhand smoke. • There is a negative relationship between the level of agreement to the ban and the right to smoke. • There is a positive relationship between the public reaction to the ban and their preference to a smoke free environment. • A negative relation exists between people concerned about second hand smoke and people who don’t believe in the right to smoke.

30. CORRELATIONS W/ATTITUDE TOWARDS HI PASSING MEDICAL MJ LAW • All states should pass a law legalizing the use of medical MJ. r = .692 p < .001 • I would use MJ for a debilitating medical condition. r = .651 p < .001 • Favor/oppose MJ legal for medical use even if testing hasn’t been done. r = .649 p < .001 • If family member were diagnosed w/ severe med. cond., I would suggest they talk to MD about MJ. r = .591 p < .001

31. Family members should try using MJ w/o the recommendation of their physician. Strongly agree 7 6 5 Strongly disagree p < .001

35. Job opportunities related to the legalization of gambling on Oahu. Percent Students: r = 5.927 Workers: r = 6.256

36. Non-imposition: Feel that it is very important to avoid inconveniencing the other Strongly Agree 7-point scale Strongly Disagree Gender p= 0.015

37. Most important reasons for engagement

38. Reasons Opposed

39. Reasons Support

40. p=0.078 p=0.031

41. Class start times & problems with parking Based on 7-point Likert scale: 1=no problem 7 = huge problem

42. Discussion

43. Alternative Explanations Working college students and grades • Extra-curricular activities such as sports, band, etc. • Internships • Self-report was not accurate eg. GPAs

44. Alternative Explanations Ethnocentrism study • Socially acceptable responses • Difference in population sizes • Language barrier • Difference between continental US and Hawaii students responses occurred by chance, therefore……

45. Implication of Results • Cell phone companies should have a constant supply of college students as consumers because of the convenience and affordability of cell phones. • Out-of-state students will probably purchase and use cell phones to keep in touch w/ their friends and family back home. • Locals would purchase cell phones because of the ohana factor.

46. Strengths: • Large sample • Diversity of sample • Anonimity • Range of questions Limitations: • Small dorm sample • Survey questions were ambiguous • Range of questions

47. What we would do differently • Larger, more stratified sample • Older students • Married students • Mainland students • Less open-ended questions in the survey