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CGE Training Materials National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

CGE Training Materials National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Industrial Processes Sector Version 2, April 2012. Consultative Group of Experts (CGE). Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Target Audience and Objective from Training Materials.

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CGE Training Materials National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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  1. CGE Training MaterialsNational Greenhouse Gas Inventories Industrial Processes Sector Version 2, April 2012 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  2. Target Audience and Objective from Training Materials • These training materials are suitable for people with beginner to intermediate level knowledge of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory development. • After having read this Presentation, in combination with the related documentation, the reader should: • Have an overview of how emissions inventories are developed for the industrial processes sector; • Have a general understanding of the UNFCCC and IPCC guidelines; • Be able to determine which methods suits their country’s situation best; • Know where to find more detailed information on the topic discussed. • These training materials have been developed primarily on the basis ofmethodologies developed by the IPCC; hence the reader is always encouraged to refer to the original documents to obtain further detailed information on a particular issue. 2 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  3. Acronyms • NEU Non-Energy Uses • EF Emission Factor • EFDB IPCC Emission Factor Database • CBI Confidential Business Information 3 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  4. Outline of course – Industrial Processes • Definitions (slide 3) • Approaches and steps • Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (slide 5) • IPCC Good Practice Guidance (2000) (slide 29) • Problems in using guidelines, and recommendations(slide 41) 4 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  5. Definitions (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines) • Non-energy-related physical and chemical processes in production activities leading to transformation of raw materials and emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) (e.g. decomposition reactions). • Non-energy uses (NEU) of feedstock in process reactions or stage processes that do not only release heat but also act predominantly as reducing agent (e.g. metallurgical coke in the smelting of ores in metal production). • The energy/heat required for initiating and/or sustaining the chemical reaction kinetically and thermodynamically is accounted for under energy sector. 5 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  6. Definitions (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines) (cont.) • Feedstock delivered to petrochemical plants and used for manufacture of other products and not for energy purposes (e.g. use of natural gas or other fossils in the manufacture of ammonia). • Production-related emissions are NOT classified under the industrial processes sector but under energy sector are GHGs released from fuel combustion of feedstock in production activities as sources of energy forms of energy (i.e. heat, process steam or electricity generation). 6 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  7. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsDifferentiating Non-energy and Energy-related Emissions (source: IPCC 1996 GL vol.3) • Cement production - section 2.3.1 • Lime production - section 2.4.1 • Soda ash production and use - section 2.6.1 • Ammonia production - section 2.8.1 and 2.8.2 • Silicon carbide - section 2.11.1 • Calcium carbide - section 2.11.2 • Iron and steel - section 2.13.3.2 • Ferro alloys - section 2.13.5.1 • Aluminium- section 2.13.5.1. 7 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  8. Differentiation of Non-Energy and Energy-related Emissions in the Industrial Processes Sector: Illustration based on Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines (vol. 3) 8 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  9. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsSource and Sub-source Categories and Disaggregation • Tools for classification: • The UNFCCC GHG inventory software for non-Annex I Parties (electronic version of IPCC worksheets) • IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB). 9 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  10. Sub-source Categories/Disaggregation:Illustration with EFBD and UNFCCC software (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines) 10 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  11. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsRelevant Source Categories • GHGs from the IP sector: • (a) CO2, CH4, N2O • (b) HFCs, PFCs, SF6 • (c) SO2, CO, NOx, NMVOCs. • The UNFCCC inventory software “long summary” table specifies all the relevant GHGs for the various source categories required to be reported. They represent a ready source of identification of relevant GHGs for sources and sub-sources of the various sectors. 11 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  12. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsGeneral Estimation Methodology • General equation: TOTALij = ADj x EFij • where: • TOTALij = process emission (tonnes) of gas i, from industrial sector j • ADj = amount of activity or production of process material (activity data) in industrial sector j (tonnes/yr) • EFij = emission factor (EF) associated with gas I, per unit of activity in industrial sector j (tonne/tonne). 12 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  13. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • For certain industrial processes, more than one estimation methodology is presented. These are: • Simplified approach, referred to as Tier 1 • More detailed methodology, referred to as Tier 2. 13 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  14. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • Several options are also provided for certain industrial processes under Tier 1, such as Tier 1a, 1b, 1c, based on data availability and suitability of methods. • Order of preference for Tier 1 methods is 1a > 1b > 1c. • Encourages country-specific methods, documented and adequately referenced. 14 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  15. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsSample Tiers by Sub-source Categories • 2B1 – Ammonia production (CO2) • Tier 1a – AD as natural gas consumption (m3) and EF (kgC/m3) • Tier 1b – AD as ammonia production (tonnes) and EF (tonne CO2/tonne NH3) • 2B4 – Calcium Carbide Production (CO2) • T1a – Consumption of petroleum coke (tonnes) and EF (tonne C/tone Coke type) • T1b – Production of carbide. 15 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  16. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • 2C – Metal production (Iron and Steel, Al, Ferro-alloys) • Tier 1a – Consumption of reducing agent (tonnes) and EF (tonne C/tonne reducing agent) • Tier 1b – Production of the metal (tonnes) and EF (tonne CO2/tonne metal). 16 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  17. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • PFCs from aluminum production • Tier 1a – Direct plant emissions data • Tier 1b – Estimation based on plant measurements and empirical estimation • Tire 1c – Based on aluminium production (tones) and default emission factor (kg/tone Al). 17 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  18. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsTiers by Sub-source Categories • 2E – HCFC manufacture (HFC-23 release) • Tier 1 – AD (total production in tonnes) and Default EF (% of total production) • Tier 2 – Direct emissions from plant specific measurements using standard methods • 2F – Consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) substitutes (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) • Tier 1a and Tier b – Potential emissions • Tier 2 – Actual emissions. 18 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  19. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsChoice of Activity Data • Plant-level measurements or direct emissions reports with documented methodologies • Where direct measurements are not available, estimations may be based on calculation with plant-specific data. 19 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  20. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsChoice of Activity Data • If there is a lack of activity data at the national level, use: • International data sets (United Nations data sets and industry associations) • National databases where available from appropriate government ministries (e.g. statistics services, environment ministry, etc.) • Standard production statistics from national statistical publications • Note that there can be a conflict between activity data collected from various Sources 20 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  21. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines – Approach and StepsChoice of Default Emission Factors • Process-reaction-based EFs (stoichiometric ratios) • Production-based emission factors • Technology-specific emission factors • Reported country-/region-specific plant-level measurements • IPCC Emission Factor Database (EFDB), a summary for process-reaction-based and technology-based EFs 21 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  22. Illustrate Use of Emission Factor Database (EFDB) for IP Sector IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps 22 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  23. Comparability of IPCC Technology-based Default EF and GPG2000 Plant-level EF The Case of Aluminium Production Inventory in Ghana 23 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  24. Good Practice Activity DataPlant-level EF based on Tier 1a method 24 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  25. Consumption of Reducing Agent Anode carbon 25 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  26. Net Carbon Consumption 26 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  27. Comparability of Good Practice Plant level and IPCC default 27 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  28. Emissions Estimating and Reporting Use of UNFCCC GHG Inventory Software IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps 28 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  29. Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG 2000) – Industrial Processes Sector Approach and Steps 29 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  30. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice Principles • To produce GHG inventories that neither overestimate nor underestimate emissions so far as can be judged based on the principle of TCCCA, namely: • T: Transparency • C: Consistency over time • C: Completeness • C: Comparability • A: Accuracy. 30 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  31. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice Principles • To use limited resources more efficiently for key sources • To reduce levels of uncertainty • To improve reportingand documentation • To apply quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) and improve transparency. 31 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  32. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods • The GPG 2000: • Identifies potential IP sector key categories • Provides decision-tree analysis for the selected sources • Describes category-specific good practice methods in adapting Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines to country-specific circumstances 32 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  33. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods (cont.) • Defines tier numbers for alternative names of (unnumbered) methods described in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines • Provides good practice guidance for various tier levels of assessment (Tier 1, 2, 3) for selected source categories. 33 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  34. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsPotential Key Categories • 2A1 – CO2 Emissions from Cement Production • 2A2 – CO2 Emissions from Lime Production • 2C1 – CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry • 2B2 and 2B3 – N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and Nitric Acid Production • 2C3 – PFCs Emissions from Aluminum Production • 2C4 – Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions from Magnesium Production • 2E1 – HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture 34 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  35. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsPotential Key Categories (cont.) • 2F(1-5) – Emissions from Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS substitutes for HFCs and PFCs used in refrigeration, airconditioning, foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosols, solvents) • 2F7 – SF6 Emissions from Electrical Equipment • 2F8 – SF6 Emissions from Other Sources of SF6 • 2E3 – SF6 Emissions from Production of SF6 • 2F6 – PFC, HFC, and SF6 Emissions from Semiconductor Manufacturing. 35 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  36. Decision Trees, and Selection Criteria for Methods and Structured Tier Levels GPG 2000 Approach and Steps 36 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  37. GPG 2000 Approach and StepsDecision Trees and Selection Criteria for Methods and Tier Levels 37 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  38. 38 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  39. 39 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  40. 40 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  41. GPG 2000 Approach and Steps • Sample Illustrations of Tier Level Methods in Adapting IPCC 1996GL Based on National Circumstances 41 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  42. Problems Encountered in Using IPCC 1996GL and GPG 2000, and Recommendations • The problems encountered in using IPCC 1996GL and available GPG options are summarized in this section. • The impact of the problem on inventory preparation and practical approaches recommended, and/or the GPG Options, are provided in the notes. 42 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  43. Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector Inventory • Difficulty in disaggregation of country-relevant sources into IPCC categories, particularly sub-source categories not listed in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. • The “mapping technique” is a practical approach recommended for ease of identification and disaggregation of country sources into IPCC source categories. The Handbook provides IPCC disaggregation and corresponding probable national emission sources. 43 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  44. Mapping National Industry Classification with IPCC Source Categories • The Handbook presents a sample of mapping national source categories and IPCC source classification. The table helps to easily identify corresponding IPCC source categories for each probable national emission source, thus facilitating correct disaggregation. 44 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  45. Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector InventoryActivity Data Collection and CBI • Direct reporting of emissions without AD and/or EF to national institutions responsible for data collection because ofconfidential business information (CBI). • Impact on inventory preparation • Reduces transparency and comparability • Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option • GPG recommends plant-level verification and assessment of the measurement standards and QA/QC plan of the industry. 45 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  46. Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector InventoryEmissions Estimation Methods and Reporting • The reporting of industrial process emissions from non-energy use (NEU) of feedstock produced in combination with fuelcombustion under energysector due to the difficulty in differentiation and possible double counting of CO2. • Direct plant-level measurement and reporting of industrial process emissions of CO2 from chemical processes or stage processes in combination with fuel combustion emissions from energy uses of feedstock (e.g. CO2 emissions from CaCO3 decomposition and metallurgical coke oxidation in Solvay process). • Impact on inventory preparation • Underestimation of the contribution of IP sector to national emissions (e.g. the use of natural gas in ammonia production, and coke as reducing agent in iron and steel production). • Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option • GPG2000 recommends stoichiometric estimation of the NEU and subtraction from the energy statistics to avoid double counting. 46 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  47. Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector Inventory Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric Ratios as EFs • Where technology-specific or plant-level data are not available, EF(default) are based on stoichiometric ratios of process reactions. 47 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  48. Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector InventoryLack of Emission Factors • Lack of development of plant-level EFs, which leads to the estimation of EFs based on top-down ratios calculated as EF = Emissions/Aggregate AD. • Impact on inventory preparation • EFs estimated based on the aggregate AD is basically a IPCC 1996GL IPCC Tier 1 approach. It lacks transparency and comparability and the method is not considered good practice. • Recommended approach/GPG 2000 Option • GPG2000 provides good practice based on “decision tree” in applying IPCC 1996GL to various national circumstances. 48 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  49. "GPG 2000 Improvements in IP Sector Inventory • Sample Source Category Estimations • 2A1 Cement Production • 2A2 Lime Production • 2A1 Limestone and Dolomite Use • 2C1 Iron and Steel Reference Table 2 IP Handbook 49 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

  50. Other Specific Problems Encountered in the Use of IPCC 1996GL Suggested Approaches/Options 50 Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) Training Materials for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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